The Future of AI and Big Data with Quantum Computing 10-20

With the boom in digital technologies, the world is producing over 2.5 exabytes of data every day. To put that into perspective, it is equivalent to the memory of 5 million laptops or 150 million phones. The deluge of data is forecast to increase with the passing day and with it has increased the need for powerful hardware that can support it.

This hardware advancement refers to faster computing or processing speed and larger storage systems. Companies worldwide are investing in powerful computing with the R&Ds constantly in the race for making improved processors. The current stream of data needs computers that can perform complex calculations within seconds.

Big data and Machine learning have pushed the limits of current IT infrastructure for processing large datasets effectively. This has led to the development of a new and exciting paradigm of quantum computing that has the power to dramatically increase the speed. But before that, let us understand the current technology and the need for quantum technology.

Current Computing Technology and Its Limitations

The technology of processing has come a long way in the past couple of years with the development of finger-nail sized microprocessors (single-chip computer packed with millions of transistors) called integrated circuits. Standing true to Moore’s law, the number of transistors packed in a single chip has doubled every 18 months since the past 50 years. Today, it has reached 2 billion transistors in one chip.

The semiconductor technology is now making smallest chips with 5 nanometer-sized gates below which it is said the transistor will not work. Now, the industry has simply started increasing the number of processor “cores” so that the performance continues on Moore’s law predictions. However, there come many other software-level restraints to keep this relevant.

In 2016, two researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory created the world’s smallest transistor with gate size of one nanometer. This is a phenomenal feat in computing industry but making a chip with billions of such transistors is going to face many challenges. The industry has already prepared for transistors to stop shrinking further and Moore’s law is likely to come to a stagnant halt.

As the computations pertaining to current applications like big data processing or intelligent systems get more complex, there is a need for higher and faster computing capabilities than the current processors can supply. This is one of the reasons why people are looking forward to quantum computing.

What is Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing merges two great scientific revolutions of this century: computer science and quantum physics. It has all the elements of conventional computing like bits, registers, gates, etc. but on the machinery level, it does not depend on boolean logic. The quantum bits are called qubits. The conventional bits can store 0 or 1 but quantum bits can store 0, 1 and all the possible values (states) between it simultaneously. As it can store the values, it can also process them simultaneously. It can work in parallel doing multiple things at the same time which makes it million times faster than the current computers.

The working of these computers is little complex and the entire field of quantum computing is still largely abstract and theoretical. The only thing we really need to know is that qubits are stored by atoms or other particles like ions that exist in different states and can be switched between these states.

Application in Big Data

The progress in these fields critically relies on processing power. The computational requirement of big data analytics is currently placing a considerable strain on computer systems. Since 2005, the focus has been shifted to parallelism using multiple cores instead of a single fast processor. However, many problems in big data cannot be solved simply by using more and more cores.  Splitting up the work among multiple processors is used but its implementation is complex. The problems need to be solved sequentially where the preceding step is equally important.

At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva particles are accelerated, traveling at almost the speed of light within a 27km ring such that 600 million collisions take place in a second wherein only one of the 1 million collisions chosen for preselection. In the preselection process, only 1 out of 10,000 events are passed to a grid of processor cores that further choose 1 out of 100 possible events, hence, making the data process at 10GB/s. At LHC, 5 trillion bits of data is captured every second and after discarding 99% of the data, it still analyses 25 petabytes of data a year!

Such is the power of quantum computing but the current resources make the application of it in big data, a thing of the future. If it were possible, the computing would be useful for specific tasks such as factoring large numbers that are useful in cryptography, weather forecasting, searching through large unstructured datasets in a fraction of the time to identify patterns and anomalies, etc. The developments in quantum computing could actually make encryption obsolete in a jiffy.
With such computing powers, it would be one day possible to make large datasets that would probably store complete information such as – genetic of every single human that existed and machine learning algorithms could find patterns in the characteristics of these humans while also protecting the identities of the humans. Also, clustering and classification of data would become a much faster task.

Looking Forward

The initial results and developments in quantum technologies are encouraging. In the last fifteen years, quantum computers have grown from 4-qubits to 128 qubits. Google’s 5-qubit computer has demonstrated certain basic calculations; that if scaled up, can perform many complex calculations that will make the quantum computing dream come true one day. However, we are unlikely to see such computers for years or even decades.

The future says quantum computers will allow faster analysis and integration of our enormous data sets which will improve and transform our machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities.

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Exciting new possibilities in the Quantum Realm 03-10

The strangeness of the quantum realm opens up exciting new technological possibilities.

A BATHING cap that can watch individual neurons, allowing others to monitor the wearer’s mind. A sensor that can spot hidden nuclear submarines. A computer that can discover new drugs, revolutionise securities trading and design new materials. A global network of communication links whose security is underwritten by unbreakable physical laws. Such—and more—is the promise of quantum technology.

All this potential arises from improvements in scientists’ ability to trap, poke and prod single atoms and wispy particles of light called photons. Today’s computer chips get cheaper and faster as their features get smaller, but quantum mechanics says that at tiny enough scales, particles sail through solids, short-circuiting the chip’s innards. Quantum technologies come at the problem from the other direction. Rather than scale devices down, quantum technologies employ the unusual behaviours of single atoms and particles and scale them up. Like computerisation before it, this unlocks a world of possibilities, with applications in nearly every existing industry—and the potential to spark entirely new ones.

Strange but true

Quantum mechanics—a theory of the behaviour at the atomic level put together in the early 20th century—has a well-earned reputation for weirdness. That is because the world as humanity sees it is not, in fact, how the world works. Quantum mechanics replaced wholesale the centuries-old notion of a clockwork, deterministic universe with a reality that deals in probabilities rather than certainties—one where the very act of measurement affects what is measured. Along with that upheaval came a few truly mind-bending implications, such as the fact that particles are fundamentally neither here nor there but, until pinned down, both here and there at the same time: they are in a “superposition” of here-there-ness. The theory also suggested that particles can be spookily linked: do something to one and the change is felt instantaneously by the other, even across vast reaches of space. This “entanglement” confounded even the theory’s originators.

It is exactly these effects that show such promise now: the techniques that were refined in a bid to learn more about the quantum world are now being harnessed to put it to good use. Gizmos that exploit superposition and entanglement can vastly outperform existing ones—and accomplish things once thought to be impossible.

Improving atomic clocks by incorporating entanglement, for example, makes them more accurate than those used today in satellite positioning. That could improve navigational precision by orders of magnitude, which would make self-driving cars safer and more reliable. And because the strength of the local gravitational field affects the flow of time (according to general relativity, another immensely successful but counter-intuitive theory), such clocks would also be able to measure tiny variations in gravity. That could be used to spot underground pipes without having to dig up the road, or track submarines far below the waves.

Other aspects of quantum theory permit messaging without worries about eavesdroppers. Signals encoded using either superposed or entangled particles cannot be intercepted, duplicated and passed on. That has obvious appeal to companies and governments the world over. China has already launched a satellite that can receive and reroute such signals; a global, unhackable network could eventually follow.

The advantageous interplay between odd quantum effects reaches its zenith in quantum computers. Rather than the 0s and 1s of standard computing, a quantum computer’s bits are in super positions of both, and each “qubit” is entangled with every other. Using algorithms that recast problems in quantum-amenable forms, such computers will be able to chomp their way through calculations that would take today’s best supercomputers millennia. Even as high-security quantum networks are being developed, a countervailing worry is that quantum computers will eventually render obsolete today’s cryptographic techniques, which are based on hard mathematical problems.

Long before that happens, however, smaller quantum computers will make other contributions in industries from energy and logistics to drug design and finance. Even simple quantum computers should be able to tackle classes of problems that choke conventional machines, such as optimising trading strategies or plucking promising drug candidates from scientific literature. Google said last week that such machines are only five years from commercial exploitability. This week IBM, which already runs a publicly accessible, rudimentary quantum computer, announced expansion plans. As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, big tech firms and startups alike are developing software to exploit these devices’ curious abilities. A new ecosystem of middlemen is emerging to match new hardware to industries that might benefit.

The solace of quantum

This landscape has much in common with the state of the internet in the early 1990s: a largely laboratory-based affair that had occupied scientists for decades, but in which industry was starting to see broader potential. Blue-chip firms are buying into it, or developing their own research efforts. Startups are multiplying. Governments are investing “strategically”, having paid for the underlying research for many years—a reminder that there are some goods, such as blue-sky scientific work, that markets cannot be relied upon to provide.

Fortunately for quantum technologists, the remaining challenges are mostly engineering ones, rather than scientific. And today’s quantum-enhanced gizmos are just the beginning. What is most exciting about quantum technology is its as yet untapped potential. Experts at the frontier of any transformative technology have a spotty record of foreseeing many of the uses it will find; Thomas Edison thought his phonograph’s strength would lie in elocution lessons. For much of the 20th century “quantum” has, in the popular consciousness, simply signified “weird”. In the 21st, it will come to mean “better”.

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What's The New Quantum Renaissance? 04-18

What's The New Quantum Renaissance?

"Perhaps the quantum computer will change our everyday lives in this century in the same radical way as the classical computer did in the last century": these were the words of the Nobel committee upon awarding Serge Haroche and David Wineland the Nobel Prize for Physics for their work on Quantum Systems. Quantum computers can model complex molecules which can contribute to improvements in health and medicine through quantum chemistry. They are also capable of modelling complex materials which can impact energy efficiency and storage through room temperature superconductivity, as well as solving complex mathematical problems which will benefit safety, security and simulation.

New Renaissance

We are at the beginning of a new renaissance that explores the quantum nature of our shared reality. This new age is fast forwarding us to an era of Quantum engines, devices and systems which are beginning to deliver nascent solutions in:

1. Q-bit mathematics 
2. Q-bit algorithms & simulation
3. Quantum clocks
4. Quantum sensors
5. Quantum precision Components
6. Quantum cryptography
7. Quantum telecommunications
8. Quantum computing
9. Quantum healthcare
10.Quantum energy devices

The most significant innovations and inventions of our time are increasingly likely to be manifest at Quantum levels. Multiple paradigm-changing Quantum Technologies provide significant solutions to current global challenges in many critical areas of human endeavour and may also present outstanding opportunities for proactive, brave and technologically savvy inventors, innovators and investors.

The Quantum Age Begins

The dawn of the Quantum Age -- full of promising new Quantum Technologies -- demonstrates that not only is Quantum Mechanics relevant but every literate person can appreciate its profound beauty at many subtle levels. It is estimated that about 30 percent of the US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) already stems from inventions based on quantum physics: from lasers through to microprocessors and mobile phones. 

The discovery that subtle effects of Quantum Mechanics allow fundamentally new modes of information processing is outmoding the classical theories of computation, information, cryptography and telephony which are now being superseded by their Quantum equivalents. Quantum Technologies are essentially about the coherent control of individual photons and atoms and explore both the theory and the practical possibilities of inventing and constructing Quantum Mechanisms and Quantum Devices spanning the 3Cs: Computing, Cryptography and Communications.

Quantum Entanglement & Quantum Coherence

Quantum Entanglement occurs when two entities or systems appear to us to be separate but through Quantum Coherence act as one system, with states being able to be transferred wholesale from one entity to the other but without a known signal being transferred. Quantum Entanglement is at the heart of our understanding how significant events across the universe operate at the macro- and micro- level in synchronicity despite considerable distance between them. Quantum Entanglement suggests that information is exchanged instantaneously between Quantum Entangled particles regardless of the distance between them.

Fascinating Action at a Distance

In Quantum Mechanics, non-locality refers to "action at a distance" arising from measurement correlations on Quantum Entangled states. The dividing line between the micro world of Quantum Processes and the macro world of classical physics is now fading faster than ever before. Evidence is quickly mounting of the use in nature of Quantum properties and processes including Quantum Entanglement. Recent science has shown that Quantum Coherence and Entanglement provide the only viable explanation for a host of mysteries in nature: how photosynthesis in plants works, how birds migrate, how millions of cells co-ordinate hundreds of thousands of activities simultaneously without significant errors, and more.

Instantaneous Communication

It did take a long time to prove that Quantum Entanglement truly existed. It wasn’t until the 1980s that it was clearly demonstrated. In 1982, at the University of Paris, a research team led by physicist Alain Aspect performed what may turn out to be one of the most important experiments of the 20th century. Aspect and his team discovered that under certain circumstances subatomic particles such as electrons are able to instantaneously communicate with each other regardless of the distance separating them.

Holographic Universe

Quantum Coherence and Quantum Entanglement phenomena have inspired some physicists to offer ever more radical explanations including that of the holographic universe! The implications of a holographic universe are truly mind boggling... Aspect’s findings imply that objective reality does not exist, that despite its apparent solidity the universe is at heart a phantasm, a gigantic and splendidly detailed hologram. To understand why a number of physicists including David Bohm made this startling assertion, one must first understand a little about holograms.

Hologram

A hologram is a three-dimensional photograph made with the aid of a laser. To make a hologram, the object to be photographed is first bathed in the light of a laser beam. Then a second laser beam is bounced off the reflected light of the first and the resulting interference pattern -- the area where the two laser beams superimpose -- is captured on film. When the film is developed, it looks like a meaningless swirl of light and dark lines. But as soon as the developed film is illuminated by another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object appears!

Fractals in Nature and Mathematics

The three-dimensionality of such images is not the only remarkable characteristic of holograms. If a hologram of a rose is cut in half and then illuminated by a laser, each half is still found to contain the entire image of the rose. Indeed, even if the halves are divided again, each snippet of film is always found to contain a smaller but intact version of the original image. Unlike normal photographs, every part of a hologram contains all the information possessed by the whole! This is exactly like fractals in nature and mathematics.

Holistic in Every Part

The "whole in every part" nature of a hologram provides us with an entirely new way of understanding organisation and order. For most of its history, Western science has laboured under the bias that the best way to understand a physical phenomenon, whether a frog or an atom or a national economy, is to dissect it and to study its respective components. A hologram teaches us that some things in the universe may be understood only as integrated holistic systems. If we try to take apart something constructed holographically, we will not get the pieces of which it is made. We will only get smaller wholes or less evolved, less detailed, incomplete miniatures of the whole picture.

Unity Consciousness: Extensions of the Same Source

This insight suggested to some scientists, including David Bohm, another way of understanding Aspect’s discovery. Bohm believed the reason subatomic particles are able to remain in contact with one another regardless of the distance separating them is not because they are sending some sort of mysterious signal back and forth, but because their separateness is, in fact, an illusion. Bohm suggested that at some deeper level of reality such particles are not individual entities, but are actually system components of the same fundamental something!

Investing in Future Technologies

The same principles of Quantum Entanglement, Resonance and Coherence apply to other fields, such as telecommunications, computers, and energy. Imagine communication devices that need no cables or even a wireless infrastructure. Imagine information being able to be transported magically over distances in a holistic state-dependent way instead of bit by bit or in packets.

Highly Secure Communications

There are some real and amazing applications of Quantum Entanglement in the security world. It can be used to produce unbreakable encryption. If we send each half of a set of entangled pairs to either end of a communications link, then the randomly generated but linked properties can be used as a key to encrypt information. If anyone intercepts the information it will break the entanglement, and the communication can be stopped before the eavesdropper picks up any data.

Infinity Manifest

The Roman philosopher Cicero observed more than two thousand years ago, "Everything is alive; everything is interconnected!" or "Omnia vivunt, omnia inter se conexa!" We are beginning to see the entire universe as a holographically interlinked network of energy and information, organically whole, undergoing rapid evolution. The "point" of the Singularity is reached essentially when all of the scientific and technological innovation trends appear to go out of control at the human level, ie, they have moved beyond our event horizon, and we can no longer follow along any previous linear logic or understanding to comprehend their combined effects. That technological change is instantaneous and omnipresent and defined by the Quantum Age. As we initiate, establish and activate the new "International Quantum: Exchange for Innovation Club" or "IQ:EI Club" within the aegis of Quantum Innovation Labs (QiLabs.net) we aim to be at the forefront of nurturing Quantum Technology ideas, inventions and innovations.

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First Quantum Music Composition Unveiled 04-17

First Quantum Music Composition Unveiled

Physicists have mapped out how to create quantum music, an experience that will be profoundly different for every member of the audience, they say

One of the features of 20th century art is its increasing level of abstraction from cubism and surrealism in the early years to abstract expressionism and mathematical photography later. So an interesting question is what further abstractions can we look forward to in the 21th century?

Today we get an answer thanks to the work of Karl Svozil, a theoretical physicist at the University of Technology in Vienna and his pal Volkmar Putz. These guys have mapped out a way of representing music using the strange features of quantum theory. The resulting art is the quantum equivalent of music and demonstrates many of the bizarre properties of the quantum world.

Svozil and Putz begin by discussing just how it might be possible to represent a note or octave of notes in quantum form and by developing the mathematical tools for handling quantum music.

They begin by thinking of the seven notes in a quantum octave as independent events whose probabilities add up to one. In this scenario, quantum music can be represented by a mathematical structure known as a seven-dimensional Hilbert space.

A pure quantum musical state would then be made up of a linear combination of the seven notes with a specific probability associated with each. And a quantum melody would be the evolution of such a state over time.

An audience listening to such a melody would have a bizarre experience. In the classical world, every member of the audience hears the same sequence of notes. But when a quantum musical state is observed, it can collapse into any one of the notes that make it up. The note that is formed is entirely random but the probability that it occurs depends on the precise linear makeup of the state.

And since this process is random for all observer, the resulting note will not be the same for each member of the audience.

Svozil and Puz call this “quantum parallel musical rendition.” “A classical audience may perceive one and the same quantum musical composition very differently,” they say.

As an example they describe the properties of a quantum composition created using two notes: C and G. They show how in one case, a listener might perceive a note as a C in 64 percent of cases and as a G in 36 percent of cases.

They go on to show how a quantum melody of two notes leads to four possible outcomes: a C followed by a G, a G followed by a C, a C followed by a C, and G followed by a G. And they calculate the probability of a listener experiencing these during a given performance. “Thereby one single quantum composition can manifest itself during listening in very different ways,” say Svozil and Putz. This is the world’s first description of a quantum melody.

The researchers go on to discuss the strange quantum phenomenon of entanglement in the context of music. Entanglement is the deep connection between quantum objects that share the same existence even though they may be in different parts of the universe. So a measurement on one immediately influences the other, regardless of the distance between them.

Exactly what form this might take in the quantum musical world isn’t clear. But it opens the prospect of an audience listening to a quantum melody in one part of the universe influencing a quantum melody in another part.

Svozil and Putz also take a stab at developing a notation for quantum music (see picture above).

That takes musical composition to a new level of abstraction. “This offers possibilities of aleatorics in music far beyond the classical aleatoric methods of John Cage and his allies,” they say.

There is one obvious problem, however. Nobody knows how to create quantum music or how a human might be able to experience it. Svozil and Putz’s work is entirely theoretical.

That shouldn’t stop the authors or anybody else from performing a quantum musical composition. It ought to be straightforward to simulate the effect using an ordinary computer and a set of headphones. So instead of quantum music, we could experience a quantum music simulation.

That’s interesting work that has implications for other art forms too. How about quantum sculpture that changes for each observer or a quantum mobile that is entangled with another elsewhere in the universe.

One thing seems clear. Quantum art is coming, or at least the simulation of it.So don’t be surprised if you find a quantum melody playing at an auditorium near you someday soon.

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Understanding Quantum Mechanics: What is Electromagnetism? 03-31

Understanding Quantum Mechanics: What is Electromagnetism?

On the face of it, both electricity and magnetism are remarkably similar to gravity. Just as two masses are attracted to each other by an inverse square force, the force between two charged objects or two poles of a magnet  are also inverse square. The difference is that gravity is always attractive, whereas electricity and magnetism can be either attractive or repulsive.For example, two positive charges will push away from each other, while a positive and negative charge will pull toward each other.

As with gravity, electricity and magnetism raised the question of action-at-a-distance. How does one charge “know” to be pushed or pulled by the other charge? How do they interact across the empty space between them? The answer to that question came from James Clerk Maxwell.

Maxwell’s breakthrough was to change the way we thought electromagnetic forces. His idea was that each charge must reach out to each other with some kind of energy. That is, a charge is surrounded by a field of electricity, a field that other charges can detect. Charges possess electric fields, and charges interact with the electric fields of other charges. The same must be true of magnets. Magnets possess magnetic fields, and interact with magnetic fields. Maxwell’s model was not just a description of the force between charges and magnets, but a also description of the electric and magnetic fields themselves. With that change of view, Maxwell found the connection between electricity and magnetism. They were connected by their fields.

A moving electric field creates a magnetic field, and a moving magnetic field creates an electric field. Not only are the two connected, but one type of field can create the other. Maxwell had created a single, unified description of electricity and magnetism. He had united two different forces into a single unified force, which we now call electromagnetism.

Maxwell’s theory not only revolutionized physics, it gave astrophysics the tools to finally understand some of the complex behavior of interstellar space. By the mid-1900s Maxwell’s equations were combined with the Navier-Stokes equations describing fluids to create magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Using MHD we could finally begin to model the behavior of plasma within magnetic fields, which is central to our understanding of everything from the Sun to the formation of stars and planets. As our computational powers grew, we were able to create simulations of protostars and young planets.

Although there are still many unanswered questions, we now know that the dance of plasma and electromagnetism plays a crucial role in the formation of stars and planets.

While Maxwell’s electromagnetism is an incredibly powerful theory, it is a classical model just like Newton’s gravity and general relativity. But unlike gravity, electromagnetism could be combined with quantum theory to create a fully quantum model known as quantum electrodynamics (QED).

A central idea of quantum theory is a duality between particle-like and wave-like (or field-like) behavior. Just has electrons and protons can interact as fields, the electromagnetic field can interact as particle-like quanta we call photons. In QED, charges and a electromagnetic fields are described as interactions of quanta. This is most famously done through Richard Feynman’s figure-based approach now known as Feynman diagrams.

Feynman diagrams are often mis-understood to represent what is actually happening when charges interact. For example, two electrons approach each other, exchange a photon, and then move away from each other. Or the idea that virtual particles can pop in and out of existence in real time. While the diagrams are easy to understand as particle interactions, they are still quanta, and still subject to quantum theory. How they are actually used in QED is to calculate all the possible ways that charges could interact through the electromagnetic field in order to determine the probability of a certain outcome. Treating all these possibilities as happening in real time is like arguing that five apples on a table become real one at a time as you count them.

QED has become the most accurate physical model we’ve devised so far, but this theoretical power comes at the cost of losing the intuitive concept of a force.

Feynman’s interactions can be used to calculate the force between charges, just as Einstein’s spacetime curvature can be used to calculate the force between masses. But QED also allows for interactions that aren’t forces. An electron can emit a photon in order to change its direction, and an electron and positron can interact to produce a pair of photons. In QED matter can become energy and energy can be come matter.

What started as a simple force has become a fairy dance of charge and light. Through this dance we left the classical world and moved forward in search of the strong and the weak.

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Have We Been Interpreting Quantum Mechanics Wrong This Whole Time? 03-31

Have We Been Interpreting Quantum Mechanics Wrong This Whole Time?

FOR NEARLY A century, “reality” has been a murky concept. The laws of quantum physics seem to suggest that particles spend much of their time in a ghostly state, lacking even basic properties such as a definite location and instead existing everywhere and nowhere at once. Only when a particle is measured does it suddenly materialize, appearing to pick its position as if by a roll of the dice.

The experiments involve an oil droplet that bounces along the surface of a liquid. The droplet gently sloshes the liquid with every bounce. At the same time, ripples from past bounces affect its course. The droplet’s interaction with its own ripples, which form what’s known as a pilot wave, causes it to exhibit behaviors previously thought to be peculiar to elementary particles — including behaviors seen as evidence that these particles are spread through space like waves, without any specific location, until they are measured.

This idea that nature is inherently probabilistic — that particles have no hard properties, only likelihoods, until they are observed — is directly implied by the standard equations of quantum mechanics. But now a set of surprising experiments with fluids has revived old skepticism about that worldview. The bizarre results are fueling interest in an almost forgotten version of quantum mechanics, one that never gave up the idea of a single, concrete reality.

Particles at the quantum scale seem to do things that human-scale objects do not do. They can tunnel through barriers, spontaneously arise or annihilate, and occupy discrete energy levels. This new body of research reveals that oil droplets, when guided by pilot waves, also exhibit these quantum-like features.

To some researchers, the experiments suggest that quantum objects are as definite as droplets, and that they too are guided by pilot waves — in this case, fluid-like undulations in space and time. These arguments have injected new life into a deterministic (as opposed to probabilistic) theory of the microscopic world first proposed, and rejected, at the birth of quantum mechanics.

“This is a classical system that exhibits behavior that people previously thought was exclusive to the quantum realm, and we can say why,” said John Bush, a professor of applied mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who has led several recent bouncing-droplet experiments. “The more things we understand and can provide a physical rationale for, the more difficult it will be to defend the ‘quantum mechanics is magic’ perspective.”

Magical Measurements

The orthodox view of quantum mechanics, known as the “Copenhagen interpretation” after the home city of Danish physicist Niels Bohr, one of its architects, holds that particles play out all possible realities simultaneously. Each particle is represented by a “probability wave” weighting these various possibilities, and the wave collapses to a definite state only when the particle is measured. 

The equations of quantum mechanics do not address how a particle’s properties solidify at the moment of measurement, or how, at such moments, reality picks which form to take. But the calculations work. As Seth Lloyd, a quantum physicist at MIT, put it, “Quantum mechanics is just counterintuitive and we just have to suck it up.”

A classic experiment in quantum mechanics that seems to demonstrate the probabilistic nature of reality involves a beam of particles (such as electrons) propelled one by one toward a pair of slits in a screen. When no one keeps track of each electron’s trajectory, it seems to pass through both slits simultaneously. In time, the electron beam creates a wavelike interference pattern of bright and dark stripes on the other side of the screen.

 But when a detector is placed in front of one of the slits, its measurement causes the particles to lose their wavelike omnipresence, collapse into definite states, and travel through one slit or the other. The interference pattern vanishes. The great 20th-century physicist Richard Feynman said that this double-slit experiment “has in it the heart of quantum mechanics,” and “is impossible, absolutely impossible, to explain in any classical way.”

Some physicists now disagree. “Quantum mechanics is very successful; nobody’s claiming that it’s wrong,” said Paul Milewski, a professor of mathematics at the University of Bath in England who has devised computer models of bouncing-droplet dynamics. “What we believe is that there may be, in fact, some more fundamental reason why [quantum mechanics] looks the way it does.”

Riding Waves

The idea that pilot waves might explain the peculiarities of particles dates back to the early days of quantum mechanics. The French physicist Louis de Broglie presented the earliest version of pilot-wave theory at the 1927 Solvay Conference in Brussels, a famous gathering of the founders of the field. 

As de Broglie explained that day to Bohr, Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg and two dozen other celebrated physicists, pilot-wave theory made all the same predictions as the probabilistic formulation of quantum mechanics (which wouldn’t be referred to as the “Copenhagen” interpretation until the 1950s), but without the ghostliness or mysterious collapse.

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Love, Romance and Quantum Entanglement? 03-29

Love, Romance and Quantum Entanglement?

One of history’s greatest engineers Nikola Tesla, who invented the means to transfer and to distribute electricity over long distances, once said, “If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration.” The same holds true for Love, Romance and Quantum Entanglement; the world in which we live; our interactions with each other; and indeed our interactions within.

Quantum Entanglement & Quantum Coherence

Much like Love and Romance, Quantum Entanglement occurs when two entities or systems appear to us to be separate but through Quantum Coherence act as one system, with states being able to be transferred wholesale from one entity to the other. Quantum Entanglement is at the heart of understanding how events across significant distances operate at the macro- and micro- level in a correlated way despite considerable distance between them.

The Source

More than a century ago, in 1910, the American ‘New Thought’ author Wallace D Wattles wrote in “The Science of Getting Rich”: “Everything you see on earth is made from one original substance, out of which all things proceed… there is a thinking stuff from which all things are made, and which, in its original state, permeates, penetrates, and fills the interspaces of the universe… a thought, in this substance, produces the thing that is imaged by thought… man can form things in his thought, and, by impressing his thought upon formless substance, can cause the thing he thinks about to be created.” In other words, thoughtware, software and hardware are interchangeable. To confirm this point, the latest 3D printers can now print almost anything solid from scratch.

Pure Energy

Scientific experiments in Quantum Physics and particularly those at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research — CERN — at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland, continue to demonstrate that once we break everything down to its core, pure energy is behind everything. When we go down to the sub-atomic level we do not find matter, but pure energy. Some call this the unified field or the matrix. Others talk about pure potentiality: all being energy. Others feel this potentiality as love and romance.

Vibrating Field

This pure energy vibrates a field around it. A vibrating field of energy, which attracts — like a magnet — and attaches to energy of the same vibrating frequency. The more vibrating energy that is compressed into this field of energy, the more intense the vibration gets within that field. Eventually the energy field manifests into matter: particle-by-particle. As the father of Quantum Physics, Max Planck, once said, “All the physical matters are composed of vibration.”

Action at a Distance

In Quantum Mechanics, non-locality refers to "action at a distance" arising from measurement correlations on Quantum Entangled states. The dividing line between the micro world of Quantum Processes and the macro world of classical physics is fading. Evidence is being increasingly acquired of the relevance in nature of Quantum properties and processes including Quantum Entanglement. Recent science has shown that Quantum Coherence and Entanglement may provide a viable explanation for a series of mysteries in nature: how photosynthesis in plants works, how birds keep orientation while migrating, and more including love and romance.

Illusion

A table may look solid and still, but within the table are billions and billions of subatomic particles “running around” and “popping” with energy. The table is pure energy and movement. Everything in this universe has its own vibrational frequency. It is the law of vibration in action. However we can’t see it so it appears separate and solid to us. This is actually an illusion! Our frequency of perception of electro-magnetic waves defines what we can and cannot see within the visible spectrum of light. However, at a different frequency, like X-rays, the entire solid object would appear to be completely like a sieve.

Unified Field

Every object in the Universe moves and vibrates — everything is vibrating at one speed or another. Nothing rests. Everything we see around ourselves is vibrating at one frequency or another and so are we. However, our frequency is different from other entities in the universe, hence it seems like we are separated from what we see around ourselves — people, animals, plants, trees and so on. But we are not separated — we are in fact all living in a continuous ocean of energy. We are all connected at the highest level: the unified field.

Frequency Control

At the very leading edge of biophysics today, scientists are recognising that the molecules in our bodies are actually controlled by these frequencies. In 1974, Dr Colin W F McClare, an Oxford University Bio-Physicist, discovered that frequencies of vibrating energy are roughly one-hundred times more efficient in relaying information within a biological system than physical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, other growth factors and chemicals.

Vibration as Sound and Light

What’s most interesting is that, if a frequency is vibrating fast enough, it’s emitted as a Sound and if it is vibrating much faster, it is emitted as a colour of Light. If we wanted to convert Sound to Light, we would simply raise its frequency by forty octaves. This results in a vibration in the trillions of cycles per second. So, if a pianist could press a key way above the eighty-eight keys that exist on a piano, that key would produce Light. This could create a chord of Light in the same way they can create a chord of sound. And it would be seen as colours of Light because it would be moving at the speed of Light.

Resonance

When two frequencies are brought together, the lower will always rise to meet the higher. This is the principle of resonance. So, when a piano is tuned, a tuning fork is struck, and then brought close to the piano string that carries that same musical tone. The string then raises its vibration automatically and attunes itself to the same rate at which the fork is vibrating. This principle of resonance works for biological systems too.

Consciousness and Awareness

Everything has a vibrating energy field and behind the field is pure energy. This pure energy has a source that is found within everything throughout the universe. What is this source? Consciousness. Yet, the source of consciousness behind everything can be measured by the amount of awareness it has within any given energy field. In other words, there are different levels of awareness to every state of consciousness.

Vibration Frequency

The lower the vibration frequency, the slower the vibration; the higher the vibration frequency the faster the vibration. The difference between the manifestations of the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual levels of connectivity result simply from different levels of vibrating energy or frequencies. So, while the feelings of fear, grief and despair vibrate at a very low frequency, the feelings of love, joy, romance and gratitude may vibrate much quicker at a higher frequency, and meditation states higher still, as demonstrated by the frequency of the electro-magnetic waves generated by the human brain in a number of scientific experiments around the world.

Layers Stacked On Top of Each Other All The Way to Full Consciousness

In short everything can be stripped away in layers in this order:

1. Physical — 

The lowest layer is Matter;

2. Vibrating Field — 

The layer above Matter is a Vibrating Field of Energy;

3. Pure Energy — 

If we peel away the Vibrating Field of Energy we have the layer of Pure Energy;

4. Consciousness —

Above the layer of Pure Energy is Consciousness; and

5. The Source — 

The highest layer is Supra Consciousness, which is the Source of Everything.

Layers of Awareness Within Consciousness

Consciousness also has layers: the layers of awareness depend on their frequency of vibration. Those layers are defined in this order:

1. Action-and-Reaction — 

This is the lowest layer of awareness. This is, in fact, the layer of physicality and physical objects.

2. Stimulus Response — 

This is the next layer above objects. We find this layer of awareness in cells. At this level, the cells are only aware of the group as a whole, a herd, and responding together with no realisation of self or others. For example, nests and hives have this level of consciousness.

3. Stimulus Individual Response — 

This layer has even more of an awareness than Stimulus Response. This amount of awareness is the recognition of individuals. In this layer of awareness, families are created through realising individuals inside the group or the herd. Monkeys and mammals similar to them have the awareness to develop families and demonstrate this layer of awareness.

4. Discernment or Judgment Response — Stimulus response means reacting to things. To see similarities and differences between things, is a higher order of consciousness and it allows the ability to make decisions about things, rather than just reacting to stimuli. This is the power of discernment or judgment. The mind or ego is the tool that notices similarities and differences between things. Anything that has a mind or ego has this layer of awareness or consciousness within it.

Consciousness Layers Reveal Significance

Every layer of consciousness above the lesser ones, has the awareness of all the lower-level layers too. For example, when we are trapped in a traffic jam, we feel much like part of a herd. We are feeling the layer of Stimulus Response. Yet when we are feeling like we are an individual, there is an extreme difference in our awareness. This understanding of higher levels of consciousness is very important. The importance lies within the fact that Consciousness is the Source of Everything and we have the awareness of every layer of consciousness in existence. This is significant because it allows us the privilege to attract and to attach to any energy field. We have the ability to vibrate at different frequencies and manifest different energy fields into matter depending on our level of consciousness.

Conclusion

Using the principle of resonance, we can actually increase the speed at which the energy field of our bodies and minds vibrates, through higher frequency thoughts of love, joy, romance and gratitude and accessing even higher consciousness states via meditation. Modern science demonstrates that when pure energy slows down, lower dimensional matter is created; conversely when the vibration field speeds up, the higher dimensions of consciousness can be accessed. 

And the higher our consciousness is raised, the closer to the Source we become, perhaps in a similar fashion to quantum entanglement of distant photons acting as one. “In the beginning was the Word”, the primordial vibration of sound and light, which according to thousands of years old Vedic science resonates to different phonetic sounds at different levels including the original “Aum” and different quantum entangled frequencies of light stimuli at differing energy vortices or chakras. 

Are love and romance any different from quantum entanglement? Probably not!

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