tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53021436854091604292024-03-19T01:48:35.983-07:00careerBest content from the best source handpicked by Shyam. The source include The Harvard University, MIT, Mckinsey & Co, Wharton, Stanford,and other top educational institutions. domains include Cybersecurity, Machine learning, Deep Learning, Bigdata, Education, Information Technology, Management, others.Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.comBlogger2146125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-9022662091606872472021-04-05T19:21:00.004-07:002021-04-05T19:22:38.483-07:005 things you should know about variants 04-06<p><b style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> <span face="HelveticaNeueW01-55Roma, neue-haas-unica, sans-serif">The virus that causes COVID-19 is evolving, and it’s complicating our efforts to end the pandemic.</span></span></b></p><p><b style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span face="HelveticaNeueW01-55Roma, neue-haas-unica, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></p><p><b style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicoFYp_V7Nnq32OZMC-J-cAtZHbD97Wv6YijpLaujPqaU2Va07SdFK7SbWHbiw7hRn35EIuNuhOhsQ0So4y7Hb0CPzyBL4tHp-9RPoP-j8VdebK7chzLG4XsPA1Eu-yziZ1q3wsIOcuIA/s1200/covid-variants_2021_article-hero_1200x564_01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="564" data-original-width="1200" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicoFYp_V7Nnq32OZMC-J-cAtZHbD97Wv6YijpLaujPqaU2Va07SdFK7SbWHbiw7hRn35EIuNuhOhsQ0So4y7Hb0CPzyBL4tHp-9RPoP-j8VdebK7chzLG4XsPA1Eu-yziZ1q3wsIOcuIA/w493-h231/covid-variants_2021_article-hero_1200x564_01.jpg" width="493" /></a></span></b></div><b style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /><span face="HelveticaNeueW01-55Roma, neue-haas-unica, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b><p></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">I’ve spent a lot of time over the last year meeting with colleagues at our foundation and around the world about ways to test for, treat, and prevent COVID-19. In recent months, the experts in those meetings are increasingly asking the same question: How will new variants impact our efforts to end the pandemic?</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/opXq1qZIg0Q?controls=0" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The world has come a long way in the fight against COVID-19, but new variants of the virus could threaten progress we’ve made over the past year. Here are five things you should know if you want to understand how variants are (and aren’t) complicating the pandemic.</span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 32px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 0px;">If you’ve ever gotten a flu shot, you’ve already dealt with a virus variant.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">Viruses evolve all the time. Unless you work on infectious diseases, the idea of a “variant”</span><span style="background-color: black;"> might seem new and scary—but there’s nothing particularly unusual about them. Influenza’s ability to mutate quickly (I’ll talk more about this in the next section) is why we get a new flu shot every year. We need to update the vaccine annually to keep up with constantly shifting flu virus strains.</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">To understand why the virus that causes COVID-19 is changing, you need to understand how it works (or spreads) in your body. The coronavirus—like all viruses—has only one goal: to replicate itself. Every time the virus invades your cells, it tricks the cell into following the instructions encoded in its RNA to make more copies of the virus.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">When the cell is making a new virus, it has to copy those instructions. If you’ve ever had to take a typing class in school, you know how hard it is to retype something without making a mistake. The code for the virus that causes COVID-19 is around 30,000 letters long. That’s a lot of opportunities to mess up—which the coronavirus often does.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Most mistakes lead to a virus that either is functionally identical or can’t replicate. But every once in a while, there’s a change that makes it easier for the virus to infect people or evade the immune system. When that change starts to spread through a population, a new variant emerges.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span class="TGN_InlineTitle" face="source-serif-pro, "Source Serif Pro", LyonDisplay-Medium, serif" style="background-color: black; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 38px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">2. We’re seeing the same mutations pop up again and again. That may be good news.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">All viruses evolve, but not all viruses evolve at the same rate and in the same way. Some, like the flu, change rapidly. Others mutate slowly. Fortunately for us, SARS-CoV-2 is in the latter camp. It mutates about half as fast as the influenza virus.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">I know it feels like new variants are popping up all the time right now. That’s because there is so much virus circulating around the world, giving it more opportunities to change. Once case numbers go down, I suspect we’ll see new variants emerge much less often.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Compared to influenza viruses—which are made up of eight genetic segments that can be rearranged in lots of different ways—the coronavirus is a much simpler virus. The most notable mutations we’ve seen so far have happened in the same spot: the spike protein that sticks out of the surface of the virus.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">That spike protein is the key to COVID’s spread. Its shape is what enables the virus to grab onto human cells. If the spike protein changes just a little, it might bind with cells more effectively (which makes the virus more transmissible) or become harder for the immune system to target (which makes people more susceptible to it). But if it changes too much, the virus can no longer gain the entry that’s key to its lifecycle.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">That limited capacity for change may explain why we keep seeing the same mutations appear in different places rather than lots of distinct variations. Both B.1.1.7 (which was originally detected in the UK) and B.1.351 (which was first found in South Africa) evolved independently, yet they share a number of the same mutations. There’s clearly something about these specific mutations that makes them more likely to succeed than other changes.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Some experts think we may have already seen the most concerning mutations that this virus is capable of. But COVID-19 has surprised us before, of course, and it could surprise us again.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 0px;">3. The virus is changing, but the path to ending the pandemic remains the same.</span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">For the last year, public health experts have been repeating some form of the same message: we need to contain COVID-19 as best we can until the vaccine is ready and available for everyone.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The good news is that many of the vaccines being used today appear to prevent severe disease, even from the new variants. This is a tribute to how effective the vaccines are in general. We still need a lot more data about how effective every vaccine is against the different variants, but many of the early numbers are reassuring (especially out of Israel, where many people are already vaccinated and the B.1.1.7 strain is dominant).</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The big question now is whether we need to update the vaccines to target the variants. Regulators and drug companies are working on a modified vaccine that could be out in a couple months if it’s deemed necessary. Here in the United States—where the majority of people will likely be vaccinated by the end of the summer—some people may end up getting a booster shot that protects against additional strains.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">For now, the key is to keep following best practices. The best way to prevent new variants from emerging is by stopping transmission of the virus altogether. If we remain vigilant about social distancing, wearing a mask, and getting vaccinated, we will bring the pandemic to an end much sooner.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span class="TGN_InlineTitle" face="source-serif-pro, "Source Serif Pro", LyonDisplay-Medium, serif" style="background-color: black; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 38px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">4. Variants make it even more important that vaccines are made available everywhere.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">COVID-19 anywhere is a threat to health everywhere. That’s true with the original virus, and it’s true when it comes to variants.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The more the virus that causes COVID-19 is out there in the world, the more opportunities it has to evolve—and to develop new ways of fighting our defenses against it. If we don’t get the vaccine out to every corner of the planet, we’ll have to live with the possibility that a much worse strain of the virus will emerge. We could even see a new variant emerge that evades existing vaccines altogether.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">No one wants that to happen. The best way to make sure it doesn’t is by getting the vaccine out to everyone who needs it, no matter where they live. That’s why our foundation is working with governments, vaccine manufacturers, organizations like <a href="https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Preparing-for-the-Next-Epidemic" style="text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank">CEPI</a> and <a href="https://www.who.int/initiatives/act-accelerator/covax" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank">Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance</a>, and others to deliver COVID-19 vaccines to low-income countries through an initiative called <a href="https://www.who.int/initiatives/act-accelerator/covax" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank">COVAX</a>.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">COVAX recently announced that it’ll be able to deliver 300 million doses by mid-2021. That’s great news, but the world is going to need a lot more if we’re going to truly stamp out the threat of COVID-19. I hope rich world countries continue to support COVAX’s work, even as life starts to get back to normal in some parts of the world over the summer.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span class="TGN_InlineTitle" face="source-serif-pro, "Source Serif Pro", LyonDisplay-Medium, serif" style="background-color: black; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 38px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">5. We can do better next time.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Virus variants are inevitable. If we ever find ourselves in a pandemic scenario again where a pathogen is spreading around the globe, we should expect to see it adapt to survive our attempts to stop it—just as we saw with COVID-19. I hope the difference next time is that we’re better prepared to spot these variants earlier.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The key will be genetic sequencing in combination with better disease surveillance. Right now, if you test positive for COVID-19, there’s a possibility that your test sample gets selected to be sequenced. This lets researchers see the exact 30,000 letter code that makes up the virus’ RNA instructions. That code gets uploaded to a database, where a computer compares the virus in your sample to all the other strains in circulation. . If you have a new strain that’s starting to pop up over and over in your area, scientists can compare the sequence data to transmission, death, and hospitalization rates to see if there’s need for concern.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Researchers need to take a systematic approach to catch variants early. Some experts think we need to sequence at least 5 percent of all test samples to get an accurate picture of how a pathogen is mutating—although sequencing a large number of samples alone isn’t enough. The UK has analyzed nearly 8 percent of its tests <em>and</em> linked that data with their surveillance capabilities, which helped them see that B.1.1.7 was spreading much faster and was more lethal. South Africa was able to quickly see how vaccines worked on B.1.351 by comparing results from clinical trials there to sequenced data.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The tools we’re putting in place to monitor variants in this pandemic will prove invaluable long after the worst of COVID-19 is behind us. Widespread sequencing should be part of any plan to prepare for the next pandemic. If you’re doing enough sequencing and comparing that data with other measures, you can see concerning variants when they first emerge. The earlier you identify a change, the more time you have to study it and, if needed, to tune vaccines and therapeutics to address any changes that have taken place.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">There’s no doubt that variants complicate our efforts to bring an end to this pandemic. Even once the worst is behind us, we’ll need to remain vigilant. Fortunately, we know what we need to do to stop them from emerging. For now, the best thing you can do to protect yourself is to follow public health guidelines and get vaccinated as soon as you’re eligible. </span></span></p><p style="font-family: Lusitana, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 700px;"><b><a href="https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/5-things-you-should-know-about-variants?WT.mc_id=20210330100000_COVID19-variants_BG-EM_&WT.tsrc=BGEM" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank">View at the original source</a></b></p><br />Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-7924139316733869812021-04-02T20:01:00.001-07:002021-04-02T20:02:21.620-07:00BALAYAM YOGA - NAIL RUBBING HAIR BENEFITS, SIDE EFFECTS, REVIEWS 04-03<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2-XWVmphe0YaSNkxjdBoHmr_sVUend2C2wftwzOsqQ0bjVXazswHiXwGR7hVD-gw2jrrLkQDZi2B1JTH42-tehbwQh495mXUhsRRaCMO1sPYBIAtvTSGH5Gu1Guf-bqhS777p3u8VMlE/s1280/All+about+Balayam+Yoga+-+Nails+rubbing+hair+benefits%252Cside+effects%252Creviews+-+Baba+Ramdev+-+Tipsmonk.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2-XWVmphe0YaSNkxjdBoHmr_sVUend2C2wftwzOsqQ0bjVXazswHiXwGR7hVD-gw2jrrLkQDZi2B1JTH42-tehbwQh495mXUhsRRaCMO1sPYBIAtvTSGH5Gu1Guf-bqhS777p3u8VMlE/w558-h314/All+about+Balayam+Yoga+-+Nails+rubbing+hair+benefits%252Cside+effects%252Creviews+-+Baba+Ramdev+-+Tipsmonk.jpg" width="558" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Hair Fall & Baldness </span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;">is one of the major problems most of the people facing today. Hair Greying ( White hair ), hair fall, baldness at very tender ages is a very disturbing factor for many people these days. According to a research 8 among 10 people in almost all parts of the world are suffering from some hair problems like </span><i style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">grey hair, alopecia areata, pattern baldness, regular hair fall</i><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"> and a lot other. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">There might be many reasons for these like dandruff, mental tension, improper food intake, hereditary diseases but we need to find an immediate solution for this, if not this is going to turn into a very serious situation in the near future.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Already many technologies got emerged from western countries with the name Artificial Hair Transplantation or Hair Restoration, but this needs a lot of money to be spent and also comes with some major side effects too. So, what if we could find a natural solution for this serious condition where everyone could use it and get naturally benefited. Awesome, right ??</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">For this, ancient Indian scholars have found a best solution already. Yes, the solution is already found. It's none other than the simple <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">nail rubbing yoga asana ( exercise ) by name Balayam</i>. Now let us get into some interesting facts of this nail rubbing exercise Balayam in depth. This </span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">finger exercise for hair growth is practised my thousands of people and got good results too.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is Balayam Yoga ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise )</span></h3><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-weight: 700;">How does rubbing nails help hair growth ?</span></span></div><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Balayam </span>( also refereed as </span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">nail rubbing for hair growth & nail rubbing for hair regrowth )</span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">is one simple and natural yoga technique for hair regrowth mentioned in ancient books and works of yoga & ayurvedam by ancient Indians. Balayam has also great importance in acupressure therapy. This is the most common treatment for hair regrowth and other hair problems mentioned to people by Acupressure doctors and Ayurveda doctors.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Even popular Yoga Guru Swami Baba Ramdev ji has mentioned Balayam ( rubbing nails yoga exercise ) as the best natural treatment for hair regrowth and many other hair problems like white hair, alopecia areata, pattern baldness, regular hair fall in many of his television shows and occasional public meeting videos.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How does rubbing fingernails grow hair ? The word Balayam comes from the combination of two Hindi ( Indian language ) words "Bal" and "Vyayam". Here "Bal" means Hair and "Vyayam" means exercise. Combinedly Balayam means Hair Exercise. </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Balayam Yoga ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise ) Benefits, advantages</span></h3><p><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Now, you have got a basic idea of what Balayam is. And now, let us get into the balayam benefits, uses and advantages. Why should you do Balayam everyday. Because you need strong hair that lasts long. Yes, by practising Balayam ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise ), you hair turns really strong and thick. You are not going to face any hair fall problems for present and in future with the regular practice of Balayam. It even helps in making you hair black and clears grey hair and white hair problems. Balayam is also know for treating<i style="box-sizing: border-box;"> alopecia areata, pattern baldness and other hereditary hair problems</i>. In fact there are even other balayam yoga benefits & balayam effects which doesn't have perfect research proof. </span></span></p><p><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Balayam exercise is also know for curing many other problems like headaches, nerve disorders, insomnia and a lot more. So, it's worth to spend at least 10 to 15 minutes on Balayam exercise for both health and beauty, right ?</span></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How to do Balayam Yoga ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise ) for thick, strong, black hair & hair regrowth</span></h3><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">After knowing the history and amazing benefits of Balayam, now you might want to know the correct way of doing Balayam Yoga ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise ). Then here is a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyESe0-A1Ds" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">video of clear explanation of Balayam Yoga</a> ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise ) by <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramdev" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Swami Baba Ramdev Ji</a></span> in Hindi language ( India's national language ).</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">In the video, Swami Baba Ramdev Ji clearly explains us the "do's" and "don't s" while performing Balayam. You should rub your finger nails vigorously as explained by Swami Baba Ramdev for better results. And remember, never rub your thumb nails if you are a girl. Because rubbing thumb nails leads to moustache and beard growth. This is only to those boys and men who need facial hair. So for strong, long, smooth and thick hair, do Balayam with only other four fingers leaving the thumb finger. Though everyone know this, I am mentioning this as a caution because it looks really ugly if a girl get's beard and moustache by unknowingly rubbing the thumb nails.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">And don't forget to rub them vigorously, I mean too strong. Because you should rub enough good so that the nerves under the nail in the nail bed gets good amount friction. Because the nerves under the nail have connection to the scalp, friction generated by the nails help in stimulating flow of blood to scalp and also helps in pumping of oxygen to scalp well. So, the results of hair growth depends on the amount of force you apply while rubbing the nails.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">And one more thing, many people do mistake by rubbing their fingers instead of nails. So remember, rubbing tour fingers for years is not going to make your hair strong but rubbing your finger nails make them strong.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br /></span></p><p><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></p>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_m_WlGWEjqk?controls=0" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span><div><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><br /></span></div><div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How much time should I do Balayam Yoga ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise )</span></h3><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">This depends on how fast you need the results. The more you spend time, the faster you get the results. Yes, it all depends on you. But basically many yoga gurus like Baba Ramdev ( as told in rubbing nails for hair growth baba ramdev speeches ) and <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Acharya Balkrishna ji </span>suggest people to practice Balayam for at least <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">5 to 10 minutes</i> once in the morning and evening. Of course, you can take break for every 5 minutes because your fingers get pain if you continuously do it. Some way collectively you need to do it for around 15 minutes a day. This is the best time count for better and faster results. Of course you can also do it for 20 minutes or 30 minutes daily if your hair problem is not too serious.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /></span><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">When should I do Balayam Yoga ( Nail Rubbing Yoga Exercise )</span></h3><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">This is one other doubt people generally have regarding Balayam Therapy, the balayam yoga time. Usually early mornings and evenings are better for doing Balayam. Because doing any kind of yoga or acupressure therapy on empty stomach gives better results. So that's why early mornings and evenings gives faster and better results.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">But of course you are not restricted to do on other timings of the day. You can happily do while travelling, listening to music or while something other. Now into balayam yoga reviews.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /></span><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Balayam Yoga ( Nails Rubbing Yoga Exercise ) success results, review - Before and After</span></span></h3><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-weight: 700;">Does balayam yoga really work ?</span></span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-weight: 700;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-weight: 700;">Is balayam really effective ?</span></span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-weight: 700;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Now, here comes the vital part of the the post, Balayam yoga results and reviews for your question " does balayam really work ? ". You may even have a doubt like does nail rubbing really regrows hair. Any one who tends to do something show interest to know the results of doing that deed first. Coming to balayam review, it really shows better success results for all hair problems. This is a proven natural therapy for hair regrowth. Thousands of people in India and other parts of the world practised Balayam for a time period of 6 months and got amazed with the results. This balayam results review is inspired by many such stories. </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-weight: 300;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span face="montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif" style="font-weight: 300;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A very good friend of mine tried Balayam for a period of 3 months and said well about this nail rubbing for hair growth results. Though I don't have his photographs of before and after Balayam, I have seen him directly and really got amazed with the results. It worked really well for him. He used to suffer with huge hair loss and tried various costly shampoos and hair oils. But no product had worked for him. But finally he had tried Balayam after reading somewhere on web and started doing it for 3 months. And he is really happy with the results.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-weight: 300;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Even some other friend of him ( a girl ) had tried Balayam for 5 months and got shocked with the results. It worked well for her too. Generally hair loss is common problem for girls and they take it so seriously. They try costly shampoos and hair oils to clear the hair problems, but they leave them disappointed. But I promise, Balayam is going to work like a magic for you. Just try this once for at least a period of 1 or 2 months. You can slowly experience the results and I am sure you be really happy with that. </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-weight: 300;" /></span></span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Balayam Yoga ( Nails Rubbing Yoga Exercise ) side effects</span></h3><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Now, let us get into the details of side effects of Balayam if there any. To be frank, Balayam Yoga comes with zero side effects. Yes, it doesn't lead you to any health or mental issues for sure. Because Balayam is related to Ayurveda, the natural medical science, it doesn't bring you any side effects. But the only problem is, it many take some more time to grow back your lost hair, that's it. And apart that Balayam has no side effects. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b2b2b; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; font-weight: 300; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b2b2b; font-family: montserrat, "playfair display", sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fcff01; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><b><a href="http://www.tipsmonk.com/2016/04/balayam-yoga-nails-rubbing-hair-benefits-side-effects-reviews.html" target="_blank">View at the original source</a></b></span></div></span></span></span></div>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-66707597953611607892021-02-16T01:12:00.002-08:002021-02-16T18:04:07.405-08:00Why Inclusive Leaders Are Good for Organizations, and How to Become One 02-16<p> </p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbTUxFYwH36q4PrWTnqPcFb-116X6dfo16mDOpAk0Xua-CDEhqFlcPqP9EdOCNx_Ym3qf-GcVH0NEq6HRWoTTQj2qiGl3uibaGFp4TXhfF96z7Jzur_O8ax0ggHaK4C5azxmrdAM5i52E/s1000/19APS-WEA-au-hc-people-1x1-1000x500.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1000" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbTUxFYwH36q4PrWTnqPcFb-116X6dfo16mDOpAk0Xua-CDEhqFlcPqP9EdOCNx_Ym3qf-GcVH0NEq6HRWoTTQj2qiGl3uibaGFp4TXhfF96z7Jzur_O8ax0ggHaK4C5azxmrdAM5i52E/w634-h317/19APS-WEA-au-hc-people-1x1-1000x500.jpg" width="634" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #505050;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span>Companies increasingly rely on diverse, multidisciplinary teams that combine the collective capabilities of women and men, people of different cultural heritage, and younger and older workers. But simply throwing a mix of people together doesn’t guarantee high performance; it requires </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;">inclusive leadership —</em><span> leadership that assures that all team members feel they are treated respectfully and fairly, are valued and sense that they belong, and are confident and inspired. Research involving 3,500 ratings by employees of 450 leaders found that inclusive leaders share six behaviors — and that leaders often overestimate how inclusive they really are. These are the behaviors: visible commitment, humility, awareness of bias, curiosity about others, cultural intelligence, and effective collaboration. </span></span></p><div class="article-width-wrapper flexed" style="-webkit-box-flex: 0; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 0 1 38.125rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 38.125rem; padding: 0px;"><div class="article-body standard-content" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Companies increasingly rely on diverse, multidisciplinary teams that combine the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.0104167em;">ability of those around him to contribute to meetings or participate in conversations.”</span></span></p><ul style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 2rem 1.1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Displays favoritism: </span>“Work is assigned to the same top performers, creating unsustainable workloads. [There is a] need to give newer team members opportunities to prove themselves.”</span></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Discounts alternative views</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">:</span> “[This leader] can have very set ideas on specific topics. Sometimes it is difficult to get an alternative view across. There is a risk that his team may hold back from bringing forward challenging and alternative points of view.”</span></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">What leaders say and do has an outsized impact on others, but our research indicates that this effect is even more pronounced when they are leading diverse teams. Subtle words and acts of exclusion by leaders, or overlooking the exclusive behaviors of others, easily reinforces the status quo. It takes energy and deliberate effort to create an inclusive culture, and that starts with leaders paying much more attention to what they say and do on a daily basis and making adjustments as necessary. Here are four ways for leaders to get started:</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;">Know your inclusive-leadership shadow:</span> Seek feedback on whether you are perceived as inclusive, especially from people who are different from you. This will help you to see your blind spots, strengths, and development areas. It will also signal that diversity and inclusion are important to you. Scheduling regular check-ins with members of your team to ask how you can make them feel more included also sends the message.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;">Be visible and vocal:</span> Tell a compelling and explicit narrative about why being inclusive is important to you personally and the business more broadly. For example, share your personal stories at public forums and conferences.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;">Deliberately seek out difference: </span>Give people on the periphery of your network the chance to speak up, invite different people to the table, and catch up with a broader network. For example, seek out opportunities to work with cross-functional or multi-disciplinary teams to leverage diverse strengths.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;">Check your impact:</span> Look for signals that you are having a positive impact. Are people copying your role modeling? Is a more diverse group of people sharing ideas with you? Are people working together more collaboratively? Ask a trusted advisor to give you candid feedback on the areas you have been working on.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">There’s more to be learned about how to become an inclusive leader and harness the power of diverse teams, but one thing is clear: leaders who consciously practice inclusive leadership and actively develop their capability will see the results in the superior performance of their diverse teams. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #282828; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: #fcff01;"><a href="https://hbr.org/2019/03/why-inclusive-leaders-are-good-for-organizations-and-how-to-become-one?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=hbr&utm_source=linkedin&tpcc=orgsocial_edit" target="_blank">View the article at the source</a></b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #282828; font-family: "Lava Std"; font-size: 1.1875rem; letter-spacing: -0.0104167em; line-height: 1.63158; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizespeed;"><br /></p></div></div>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-20845181172434349582021-02-14T21:06:00.004-08:002021-02-16T18:08:54.459-08:00Reasons You Need More Chocolate In Your Life 02-15<p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Do you prefer dark chocolate or milk chocolate? If you answered dark, then </span><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">happy to know that dark chocolate has numerous health benefits! There are many nutrients found in dark chocolate that helps the functions of your body and brain.</span></b></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span id="more-63738" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>The higher the percentage of cocoa, the better nutritionally your chocolate is–and the more bitter it is. That bitterness is because of all the nutrients that are jam-packed into that chocolate bar to feed your body and soul. Some of the neat things about dark chocolate are the helpful bonuses it has in it. When you eat dark chocolate, you're providing your body with some antioxidants, fiber, iron, and a lot more great nutrients that help your body function. Dark chocolate can assist with skin cell growth, meaning the components in it can help your skin heal and glow. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: medium;">Dark chocolate also can help with your brain function. It can help improve memory, focus, and learning. It can also relieve stress and make you feel happier. Not only that, but dark chocolate has been proven to help blood flow to the brain.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: medium;">So next time you want to treat yourself, pick up a bar of dark chocolate to have a snack, and also feel good about it! </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> enlarged</span></p><p><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"><b><a href="https://capacityimage.blogspot.com/2021/02/dark-chocolate-02-15.html" target="_blank">View enlarged Infographics</a></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFP5WD2bKBWdSfbzJ3ZkXIo4yTY6O_7c6zWB-1ZOv4UsQOu4hLKWMy8uY0ectzjmRu27jwvFDFXFT-FBQIRgW6fnTzyPa7hLMK3jSp5onsWEAUsvJYlXBbzlh_kJGFhKhAoTX8p4FCqJ4/s3080/dark-chocolate-768x3080.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3080" data-original-width="768" height="1599" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFP5WD2bKBWdSfbzJ3ZkXIo4yTY6O_7c6zWB-1ZOv4UsQOu4hLKWMy8uY0ectzjmRu27jwvFDFXFT-FBQIRgW6fnTzyPa7hLMK3jSp5onsWEAUsvJYlXBbzlh_kJGFhKhAoTX8p4FCqJ4/w399-h1599/dark-chocolate-768x3080.png" width="399" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #818181; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #818181; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.dailyinfographic.com/healthy-dark-chocolate" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank">Please view at the original source </a></span></b></p>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-32909687174604519252021-02-13T19:04:00.004-08:002021-02-16T18:20:01.632-08:00LinkedIn Stats and Nostalgia 02---14<p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;">If you are an old timer like me on social media and a social media bluff especially a <b>LinkedIn </b>hyper member like me, you will enjoy this nostalgia from past (2013). </span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;">When you talk of <b>LinkedIn</b>, it is always with respect and or even reverence you talk about it. When I joined <b>LinkedIn </b>in 2008, it was just around <b>33 million </b>members and Indian count around 10% approximately <b>3 million members</b>. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #fcff01;"><b style="font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">That was the time When Jeff Weiner </b><span face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Fira Sans, Ubuntu, Oxygen, Oxygen Sans, Cantarell, Droid Sans, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Lucida Grande, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14px;">took over as the CEO. The transformation in </span></span><b style="font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">LinkedIn </b><span face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Fira Sans, Ubuntu, Oxygen, Oxygen Sans, Cantarell, Droid Sans, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Lucida Grande, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14px;">in all too familiar and wellknown to merit a repetition here. The next evolution happened in june 2020, when Jeff Weiner evolveved from his position of CEO to Executive Chairman. </span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;"><b style="font-family: inherit;">Ryan Roslansky,</b><span style="font-family: inherit;"> who took over in June 20200, has maintained seamless transition. The seven months period from then doesn't give you an of any leadership change at LinkedIn. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">LinkedIn growth from 2008 to the present gives me a feeling of a child growing up in my presence. The rearing process of <b>LinkedIn</b> from 2008 gives a feeling of joy and possessiveness , the same, that I would attach to my children.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I can proudly say that, I learned social media posting </span>etiquettes<span style="font-family: inherit;"> and disciplines at <b>LinkedIn.</b></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Please go through the interesting infographics.</b></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Thank you.</b></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>The infographic below is from nostalgic collection from 2013.</b></span></span></p><header style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="page-header" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 50px 0px 25px; padding-bottom: 11.5px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPScjm7I8Igk7BhfAFjXTRooH4nljiGr4Cik0fMwXXE9ac8GjFqhUvgj64byUNsnTvkTjqB5tJ2phuS7AxgvCsuHF_b5284cDJqPBlF0iNFsxV5_KnBXDsyeKZOeXY6FRaOlTQKk9ZJ2w/s1606/LinkedIn.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1606" data-original-width="520" height="1068" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPScjm7I8Igk7BhfAFjXTRooH4nljiGr4Cik0fMwXXE9ac8GjFqhUvgj64byUNsnTvkTjqB5tJ2phuS7AxgvCsuHF_b5284cDJqPBlF0iNFsxV5_KnBXDsyeKZOeXY6FRaOlTQKk9ZJ2w/w346-h1068/LinkedIn.jpg" width="346" /></a></div><br /><h1 class="single-title" itemprop="headline" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 59px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px; text-transform: uppercase;"><br /></h1><div><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;">The infographic below is the latest.</span></div><div><br /></div><h1 class="single-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 59px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px; text-transform: uppercase;">LINKEDIN USERS BY COUNTRY AND STATISTICS (2021)</h1></div><p class="meta" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;">Posted <time datetime="2020-08-13" pubdate="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">August 13th, 2020</time></p></header><section class="post_content clearfix" itemprop="articleBody" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><div class="wp-block-image" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2410" height="196" sizes="(max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2-1024x328.jpg" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2-1024x328.jpg 1024w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2-300x96.jpg 300w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2-768x246.jpg 768w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2-1536x492.jpg 1536w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2-1140x365.jpg 1140w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2-970x311.jpg 970w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-statistics-2.jpg 1920w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="615" /></figure></div><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Founded in 2003 Linkedin has over 706 million members, 50 million listed companies and is available in 24 languages with members in 200 countries. 43 percent of LinkedIn users are female and 57 percent are male. I<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">t is the largest professional network.</span></span></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Top 45 countries by number of Linkedin members</span></h2><figure class="wp-block-table" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; overflow-x: auto;"><table style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 749.515px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Rank</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Country</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Members</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">United States</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">171,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">India</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">69,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">China</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">51,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">4</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Brazil</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">45,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">5</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">United Kingdom</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">29,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">6</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">France</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">20,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">7</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Canada</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">17,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">8</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Indonesia</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">16,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">9</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Mexico</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">15,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">10</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Italy</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">14,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">11</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Spain</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">13,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">12</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Australia</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">11,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">13</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Germany</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">10,400,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">14</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Turkey</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">9,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">15</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Netherlands</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">8,330,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">16</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">The Philippines</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">8,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">17</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Colombia</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">8,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">18</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Argentina</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">7,260,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">19</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">South Africa</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">7,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">20</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Chile</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">5,000,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">21</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Malaysia</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">4,470,000+ </td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">22</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Nigeria</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3,910,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">23</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">UAE</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3,710,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">24</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Egypt</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3,550,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">25</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Belgium</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3,500,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">26</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Sweden</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3,430,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">27</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Saudia Arabia</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3,360,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">28</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Poland</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">3,170,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">29</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Portugal</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,910,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">30</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Switzerland</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,630,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">31</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">South Korea</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,370,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">32</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Denmark</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,300,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">33</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Romania</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,280,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">34</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Singapore</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,260,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">35</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Japan</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,140,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">36</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Taiwan</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">2,050,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">37</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Ireland</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,740,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">38</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Kenya</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,740,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">39</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">New Zealand</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,700,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">40</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Israel</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,670,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">41</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Norway</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,660,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">42</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Hong Kong</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,530,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">43</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Czech Republic</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,330,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">44</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Austria</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,160,000+</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">45</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Finland</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">1,030,000+</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box;">User data was calculated using Linkedin search data and Linkedin official resources on <a href="https://news.linkedin.com/about-us#1" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">about page</a></figcaption></figure><div class="wp-block-image" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2388" height="289" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Linkedin-country-statistics-1-1024x578.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Linkedin-country-statistics-1-1024x578.png 1024w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Linkedin-country-statistics-1-300x169.png 300w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Linkedin-country-statistics-1-768x433.png 768w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Linkedin-country-statistics-1-1536x866.png 1536w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Linkedin-country-statistics-1-1140x643.png 1140w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Linkedin-country-statistics-1.png 1982w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="512" /></figure></div><div class="wp-block-qubely-wrapper qubely-block-7624a9" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="qubely-block-wrapper-block" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: none; border-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); border-radius: 4px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1px 1px 2px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 30px; transition: border-color 0.4s ease 0s, background-color 0.4s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.4s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.4s ease 0s;"><h2 class="has-text-align-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;">Summary of Linked Statistics 2020</h2><ol style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Over 706 million total members worldwide</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Over 72% of total members are outside of the United States.</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">55 job applications submitted every second</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">7 seconds between every Linkedin hire</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">50 million companies are listed on Linkedin</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">189 million+ members in North America</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">160 million+ members in Europe</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">190 million+ members in Asia</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">104 million+ members in Latin America</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">61 million+ members in the Middle East and Africa</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">20 million open jobs listed</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">90k schools listed</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin has over 33 offices and 16,000 employees</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Over 11 million+ C-level exec members globally</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">5.4 million+ small business owners members globally</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">IT decision-makers 6.6 million+ members globally</span></li></ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-image" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2397" height="288" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-members-by-continent-2-1024x576.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-members-by-continent-2-1024x576.png 1024w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-members-by-continent-2-300x169.png 300w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-members-by-continent-2-768x432.png 768w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-members-by-continent-2-1536x864.png 1536w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-members-by-continent-2-2048x1152.png 2048w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-members-by-continent-2-1140x642.png 1140w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="512" /></figure></div><div class="wp-block-qubely-wrapper qubely-block-67fb40" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="qubely-block-wrapper-block" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: none; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1px 1px 2px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 30px; transition: border-color 0.4s ease 0s, background-color 0.4s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.4s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.4s ease 0s;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The search trend for Linkedin has more than doubled over the past 10 years according to Google trends.</span></p></div></div><div class="wp-block-image" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2392" height="202" sizes="(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-search-trends-on-google-1024x362.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-search-trends-on-google-1024x362.png 1024w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-search-trends-on-google-300x106.png 300w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-search-trends-on-google-768x271.png 768w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-search-trends-on-google-1140x403.png 1140w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-search-trends-on-google.png 1174w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="571" /></figure></div><h2 class="has-text-align-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin Financials and Info</span></h2><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1.</span> Microsoft paid <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">26.2 Billion</span> at <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">$196</span> per share for Linkedin in June 2016.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2.</span> Linkedin has had a <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">20%</span> year over year growth in FY20.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">3.</span> Linkedin generated over <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/976194/annual-revenue-of-linkedin/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">6.7 billion dollars in revenue in 2019</a></p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">4.</span> Linkedin has tiered pricing for its plans</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Premium Career </span>$29.99 minimum per month</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Premium Business </span>$47.99 minimum per month</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Sales Navigator </span>$64.99 minimum per month</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Recruiter Lite </span>$99.95 minimum per month</li></ul><figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2419" height="207" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-product-pricing-1-1024x309.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="656" /></figure><h2 class="has-text-align-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin Demographic Statistics</span></h2><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1.</span> More than <a href="https://news.linkedin.com/about-us#statistics" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">72% of Linkedin users</a> are from outside the United States.</p><div class="wp-block-qubely-progressbar qubely-block-4783dd" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="qubely-block-progress-bar" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="qubely-block-progress-labels qubely-position-outside" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; font-size: 16px; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 10px;"><div class="qubely-block-progress-bar-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Outside US Linkedin Members</div><div class="qubely-progress-percentage" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">72%</span></div></div><div class="qubely-progress" style="background-color: #e9ecef; border-radius: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 1.553em; line-height: 1.553em;"><div class="qubely-progress-bar" role="progressbar" style="background-color: var(--qubely-color-1); background-image: none; border-radius: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 27.949px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; width: 540px;"></div></div></div></div><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2.</span> Over <a href="https://business.linkedin.com/marketing-solutions/blog/linkedin-news/2018/the-world-cup-discussion--what-students-are-reading--and-more-le" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">46 million students</a> and recent graduates are on Linkedin</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">3. </span>According to <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/933964/distribution-of-users-on-linkedin-worldwide-gender/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Statistica</a>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">43%</span> of Linkedin users are female and <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">57%</span> are male</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">4. </span>A breakdown of Internet users in the United States who use LinkedIn based on age by <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/246172/share-of-us-internet-users-who-use-linkedin-by-age-group/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Statistica</a></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">15-25 years old: 16%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">26-35 years old: 27%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">36-45 years old: 34%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">46-55 years old: 37%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">56+ years old: 29%</span></li></ul><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">5. </span>29% of males online and 24% of females <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media//" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">online use Linkedin</a> according to the Pew research center.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">6. </span>51% of college graduates use Linkedin which is an increase from previous years.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">7. </span>Recent data suggests 11% of people <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">65 </span>or older use Linkedin</p><div class="wp-block-image" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2422" height="451" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/marketing-statistics-1024x901.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/marketing-statistics-1024x901.png 1024w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/marketing-statistics-300x264.png 300w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/marketing-statistics-768x676.png 768w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/marketing-statistics-1140x1004.png 1140w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/marketing-statistics.png 1370w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="512" /></figure></div><h2 class="has-text-align-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin Content Marketing Statistics and Info</span></h2><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1.</span> There are currently over 50 million companies <a href="https://news.linkedin.com/about-us#1" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">listed on Linkedin</a> making it a great source for generating leads.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2.</span> Over <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">92%</span> of B2B marketers use LinkedIn to distribute content making it a top source for lead generation.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">3. </span>Linkedin has <a href="https://business.linkedin.com/marketing-solutions/audience" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">15x more content impressions</a> than job postings <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">57%</span> of those are mobile making it a digital marketing powerhouse.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">4. </span>Linkedin has 9 billion content impressions and over 280 billion feed <a href="https://business.linkedin.com/marketing-solutions/success/insights-and-research/industry-insights#all" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">views annually</a> in its userbase. This makes it a key for creating brand awareness for most companies.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">5.</span> Content shared across LinkedIn was up nearly <a href="https://news.linkedin.com/about-us#1" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">50% year-over-year</a> in June 2020. Companies can also share content directly from their company page on Linkedin.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">6. </span>Linkedin had a 4X Year-over-year increase in Learning hours watched in June 2020 with an <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">89% increase</span> in live streams sinch March 2020 making it a great source for lead generation.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">7. </span><a href="https://business.linkedin.com/marketing-solutions/blog/linkedin-b2b-marketing/2016/get-proof--the-case-for-b2b-marketing-on-linkedin--infographic-" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">46% of social media </a>traffic to your company site comes from LinkedIn.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">8. 80%</span> of B2B marketing leads from social media come through LinkedIn.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">9. </span>Linkedin has over <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">61 million</span> senior-level opinion leaders and <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">40 Million</span> in decision making positions making it a top spot for generating leads.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">10. </span>More than <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1 million</span> people are publishing articles on Linkedin as influencers creating quality content.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">11.</span> Article titles between <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">40-49 characters long</span> perform best according to <a href="https://okdork.com/linkedin-publishing-success/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Okdork </a>who analyzed 3000 blog posts</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">12.</span> Having <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">8</span> images in your post is correlated with the most likes, views, shares, and comments.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">13. How-to</span> articles and <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">list posts</span> tend to perform the best according to Okdork they also make a point to avoiding creating question posts.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">14. 2,000 words</span> plus long-form content performs the best on Linkedin.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">15. </span>Content for articles should be written at an <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">11th grade</span> level with a <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">neutral</span> tone.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">16. </span>Thursday is the best day of the week to post your article for the <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">maximum</span> number of views.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">17. </span>LinkedIn has stated that page updates which include links may see up to a <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">45%</span> higher follower engagement compared to updates without links.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">18. </span>Members of Linkedin are <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">20x</span> more likely to share a video on LinkedIn than any other post type</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">19.</span> A <a href="https://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/30030/LinkedIn-277-More-Effective-for-Lead-Generation-Than-Facebook-Twitter-New-Data.aspx" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Hubspot study reveals</a> LinkedIn generates close to <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">3 times </span>more conversions than Facebook or Twitter at 277%.</p><div class="wp-block-image" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2321" height="103" sizes="(max-width: 273px) 100vw, 273px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-is-created.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-is-created.png 915w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-is-created-300x113.png 300w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-is-created-768x290.png 768w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="273" /></figure></div><h2 class="has-text-align-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin Usage Statistics</span></h2><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1.</span> 99.62% of Linkedin traffic is organic according to <a href="https://www.similarweb.com/website/linkedin.com/#search" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Similar web</a></p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2. </span><a href="https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-forecasting/research-and-surveys/Pages/shrm-social-networking-websites-recruiting-job-candidates.aspx" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">More than 90%</a> of recruiters use Linkedin weekly.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">3.</span> <a href="https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/blog/2014/12/5-tips-for-picking-the-right-linkedin-profile-picture" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Linkedin internal research</a> shows having a profile picture on your personal Linkedin page increases views <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">14x </span>over profiles with no picture.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">4.</span> Over 2 Million <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">small businesses</span> use Linkedin to hire employees</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">5. Linkedin Traffic by source</span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">71.29% is direct traffic</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">22.80% is from search</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2.51% is from email</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2.11% is from referral sites</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1.18% is from social</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">0.10% is from display advertising</span></li></ul><figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2399" height="194" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-traffic-statistics-1024x231.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="691" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em;">Source: <a href="https://www.similarweb.com/website/linkedin.com/#referrals" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Similar Web</a></figcaption></figure><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">6. </span>According to Alexa, LinkedIn users spend an <a href="https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/linkedin.com#section_traffic" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">average of 10:35 minutes</a> on the site each day with <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">8.46</span> Daily Pageviews per visit, and it ranks <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">#58</span> in global internet traffic and engagement.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-large" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2402" sizes="(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-analysis-traffic-alexa.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-analysis-traffic-alexa.png 561w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-analysis-traffic-alexa-300x109.png 300w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></figure><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">7.</span> Data from <a href="https://ahrefs.com/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Ahrefs</a> shows Linkedin has <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">19,868,318,606</span> backlinks and <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">11,458,407</span> referring domains with a domain rating of 98. When creating a marketing strategy Linkedin should be near the top of the list.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-large" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2401" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/backlink-profile-linkedin-1024x201.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/backlink-profile-linkedin-1024x201.png 1024w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/backlink-profile-linkedin-300x59.png 300w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/backlink-profile-linkedin-768x150.png 768w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/backlink-profile-linkedin-1140x223.png 1140w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/backlink-profile-linkedin.png 1189w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></figure><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">8.</span> Moz database shows that Linkedin ranks for over <a href="https://moz.com/domain-analysis?site=linkedin.com" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">15.7 million keywords</a> in Google. Making it a top destination for marketers creating business-related quality content.</p><h2 class="has-text-align-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Connection Statistics</span></h2><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;">According to Linkedin’s <a href="https://business.linkedin.com/marketing-solutions/cx/18/12/the-social-media-managers-guide-to-linkedin/3qc" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">social media manager guide</a> employees on average have <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">10 times</span> the connections as their company has followers on LinkedIn.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;">Data from <a href="https://blog.linkedin.com/2017/april/24/the-power-of-linkedins-500-million-community" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Linkedin shows</a> the following most connected countries, industries, and job functions by an average number of connections.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The top 5 most connected countries are</span>:</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">UAE </span>with 211 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The Netherlands</span> with 188 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Singapore</span> with 152 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The United Kingdom</span> with 144 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Denmark</span> with 143 average connections</li></ul><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Top 5 most connected industries are:</span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Staffing and recruiting</span> with 702 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Venture capital and private equity </span>with 423 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Human resources</span> with 380 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Management consulting</span> with 304 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Online media </span>with 303 average connections</li></ul><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Top 5 most connected job functions are:</span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Human resources</span> with 415 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Product management</span> with 324 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Business development</span> with 283 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Marketing</span> with 272 average connections</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Consulting</span> with 244 average connections</li></ul><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin Popularity Compared to Other Social Networks</span></h2><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;">Recent data shows the following percentages of <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">adults who use social media</a> while Linkedin is the top site in the business world it still lags behind other social media platforms.</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Youtube at 73%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Facebook at 69%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Instagram at 37%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Pinterest at 28%</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span class="qubely-text-has-color" data="#696CFF" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #696cff;"><span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0693e3;">Linkedin at 27%</span></span></span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Twitter at 22%</span></li></ul><figure class="wp-block-image size-large" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2427" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-compared-socialnetworks.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-compared-socialnetworks.png 640w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/linkedin-compared-socialnetworks-300x233.png 300w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">[ data source ]</a></figcaption></figure><div class="wp-block-qubely-wrapper qubely-block-d240d2" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="qubely-block-wrapper-block" style="background-color: rgba(128, 129, 209, 0.68); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1px 1px 2px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 30px; transition: border-color 0.4s ease 0s, background-color 0.4s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.4s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.4s ease 0s;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Additional data shows the demographics usage between Linkedin, Facebook, and Instagram. Linkedin is used slightly more by men worldwide than women though the gap is small.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Members in the range of 30-49 years of age are the largest demographic that use Linkedin.</span></p></div></div><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"></p><figure class="wp-block-table" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; overflow-x: auto;"><table style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 749.515px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">% of U.S. adults who use each social media platform</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Facebook</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Instagram</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Total</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">69%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">37%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">27%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Men</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">63%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">31%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">29%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Women</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">75%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">43%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">24%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Ages 18-29</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">79%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">67%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">28%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">30-49</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">79%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">47%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">37%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">50-64</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">68%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">23%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">24%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">65+</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">46%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">8%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">11%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">White</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">70%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">33%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">28%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Black</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">70%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">40%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">24%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Hispanic</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">69%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">51%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">16%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">High school or less</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">61%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">33%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">9%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Some college</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">75%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">37%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">26%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">College graduate</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">74%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">43%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">51%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Urban</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">73%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">46%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">33%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Suburban</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">69%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">35%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">30%</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">Rural</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">66%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">21%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">10%</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box;">[ <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">data source</a> ]</figcaption></figure><figure class="wp-block-image size-large" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-2428" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" src="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/who-uses-facebook-instagram-linkedin-and-twitter.png" srcset="https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/who-uses-facebook-instagram-linkedin-and-twitter.png 640w,https://www.apollotechnical.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/who-uses-facebook-instagram-linkedin-and-twitter-300x247.png 300w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">[ data source ]</a></figcaption></figure><h2 class="has-text-align-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e58a6; font-family: Teko, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 12.5px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Linkedin vs Xing</span></h2><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;">Xing has more than <a href="https://advertising.xing.com/facts-and-figures/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">18 million members</a> which is much smaller than Linkedin’s userbase of <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">706 million.</span> However, Xing’s impact on the European market more prominent. Xing has over 18 million users in the DACH (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) area while LinkedIn currently has only 15 million.</p><p class="has-medium-font-size" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;">Linkedin continues to see year over year user growth and with no strong competitors insight, it will continue that trend for years to come.</p></section><footer style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><p class="categories" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span class="categories-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">Categories:</span> <a href="https://www.apollotechnical.com/category/news/" rel="category tag" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #44953b; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;">News</a> </p><p class="categories" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12.5px;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"><b><a href="https://www.apollotechnical.com/linkedin-users-by-country/" target="_blank">View at the original source</a></b></span></p></footer>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-72271481371420144462021-02-10T06:32:00.004-08:002021-02-11T18:07:48.289-08:00The importance of building a Personal Brand 02/10<p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> <span style="font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 21.3333px;">While marketers and salespeople know well the importance of personal branding, not everyone will have considered the benefits. In the age of </span>social media<span style="font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 21.3333px;">, the importance of personal branding is gaining ground. </span><span id="more-69032" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 21.3333px;"></span><span style="font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 21.3333px;">This infographic offers some clear advice and steps for building your own personal brand.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Every one of us is unique. We all have our own individual skills, training, talents and experience, but do we share them effectively with potential employers, business partners and customers? Whether or not you create a personal brand, one exists. The only way you can ensure that yours correctly conveys your truth is to take an active interest in building it. You’ll find plenty of advice on how to build your brand if you just care to look.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Effective personal branding can help to reduce confusion and ensure that you show your target market who you are, which helps build a relationship of trust and confidence in your skills. Personal branding is your way of differentiating your skill set from that of your competitors. Personal branding is about communicating your values, goals, and beliefs.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Your brand must be consistent across social media platforms and should show your best attributes. These days, it is rare for an employer not to visit your sites before settling on a candidate so let those sites speak for you.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 10px; width: 514.187px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Jeff Bezos described the personal brand as “what people say about you when you’re not in the room.” So, put your best foot forward and ensure that you’re seen in the best possible light by actively building your brand.</span></p><div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">There are many benefits of a powerful personal brand, from possessing a greater influence and credibility within your community, to having a constant stream of customers and business opportunities.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black;"><span face=""Merriweather Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">But just how does one become so powerful? Take a look at this infographic from Feldman Creative which gives you a comprehensive A to Z guide to building your personal brand.</span></p><p><span face=""Merriweather Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Do you trade as yourself rather than as a company? Are you looking to build your personal brand rather than an organisations?</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Whilst there are many similarities between marketing yourself and a company there are also many things that should be approached differently.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">For help building your personal brand take a look at this infographic from Referral Candy which gives you 30 tips direct from the experts. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><b style="font-family: "Merriweather Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://capacityimage.blogspot.com/2021/02/info.html">View enlarged infographic</a>s</b></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><b><br /></b></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0JHYbN7xrD-gOYFFpJLI_v3tWPnsrQyrm-mRivkJKIrtf4gDiXpeGm446GUxZHEQ1n20DdopJkWEGO_HjMpiyJxbIfhW1BWDqbrAB44zWKJvw0SRsJVfbL_xmQOvX1PwykvWvwDiQGAQ/s2560/personal-branding-9-basic-steps-for-a-kick-ass-marketing-strategy1-1-1-scaled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="524" height="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ktc3S-8a9ZA/YCXg2YcCiHI/AAAAAAAAtn4/TGyN3LZtyhMOpWgd7KZke3oOfzd9ASIpwCLcBGAsYHQ/w313-hInfinity/personal-branding-9-basic-steps-for-a-kick-ass-marketing-strategy1-1-1-scaled.jpg" width="313" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><br /></p>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-71157586521665551642021-02-09T21:11:00.006-08:002021-02-09T21:15:45.861-08:00Hearing Acrobatics 02-10<p> </p><h2 class="font__quote--serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 36px; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 50px; margin: -5px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding: 2px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 2px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #fcff01;">Dynamic, delicate connection between protein filaments enables hearing. </span></h2><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYZBy-4T5TYQK7RCjQ7FfNZEWiogsodgW9i2RUQpSj_Ar6IuBh8y57SieyboCS7BaPRJWfTLVjTONSr6YOhj7TcMmM97Wdi11cdWE326KG2-MHXZb_fRJxXPiy-nhrj-fJfxV6ocVeY4I/s800/press-release-graphic2..jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="800" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYZBy-4T5TYQK7RCjQ7FfNZEWiogsodgW9i2RUQpSj_Ar6IuBh8y57SieyboCS7BaPRJWfTLVjTONSr6YOhj7TcMmM97Wdi11cdWE326KG2-MHXZb_fRJxXPiy-nhrj-fJfxV6ocVeY4I/w571-h303/press-release-graphic2..jpg" width="571" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #fcff01;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #fcff01;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: white; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><b style="background-color: black;">The sense of hearing is, quite literally, a molecular tightrope act. Turns out, it involves acrobatics as well. </b></span></div><div><span style="color: white; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><b style="background-color: black;"><br /></b></span></div><div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In a paper published today in <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;">Nature Communications</em>, researchers from the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Harvard Medical School (HMS), and Boston Children’s Hospital show that a dynamic and delicate connection between two pairs of diminutive protein filaments plays a central role in in hearing.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The tension held by these filaments, together called a tip link, is essential for the activation of sensory cells in the inner ear. The team’s analyses reveal that the filaments, which are joined end-to-end, work together like trapeze artists holding hands. Their grasp on each other can be disrupted, by a loud noise, for example. But with a two-handed grip, they can quickly reconnect when one hand slips.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The findings present a new understanding of the molecular underpinnings of hearing, as well as the sense of balance, which arises from similar processes in the inner ear. Disorders of deafness and balance have been linked to mutations in tip links, and the study results could lead to new therapeutic strategies for such disorders, according to the authors.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“This tiny apparatus, made of less than a dozen proteins, is what helps change sound from a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal that the brain can decipher,” said co-corresponding author David Corey, Ph.D., the Bertarelli Professor of Translational Medical Science at HMS. “Understanding how these proteins work provides insights into the secrets of the sensation of sound.”</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The dynamic connection between the filaments may also function as a circuit breaker that protects other cellular components, according to the researchers.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“I think our study gives us a sense of awe for how perfectly engineered this system in the ear is,” said co-corresponding author Wesley Wong, Ph.D., an Associate Professor at the Wyss Institute, HMS, and Boston Children’s. “It maintains a delicate balance between being just strong enough to carry out its function but weak enough to break to potentially preserve the function of other elements that can’t be as easily reformed.” </span></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Graphik, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding: 2px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 3px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Decoding the handshake</span></h3><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">For hearing to occur, cells must detect and translate pressure waves in the air into bioelectrical signals. This task falls upon hair cells, the sensory cells of the inner ear. Protruding from these cells are bundles of hair-like structures, which bend back and forth as pressure waves move through the inner ear.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Tip link filaments physically connect each hair to another and are anchored onto specialized ion channels. As the bundle moves, the tension of the tip links changes, opening and closing the channels like a gate to allow electric current to enter the cell. In this way, tip links initiate the bioelectrical signals that the brain ultimately processes as sound.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In previous studies, Corey and colleagues explored the composition of tip links and identified the precise atomic structure of the bond between the two protein filaments. Intriguingly, this bond was evocative of a molecular handshake, according to the authors.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In the current study, Corey, Wong, and the team set out to understand the nature of this handshake. To do so, they applied single-molecule force spectroscopy, a technique that often uses optical tweezers—highly focused laser beams that can hold extremely small objects and move them by distances as short as a billionth of a meter.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The researchers, led by study first authors Eric Mulhall and Andrew Ward, Ph.D., both research fellows in neurobiology in the Blavatnik Institute at HMS, coated microscopic glass beads with strands of either protocadherin-15 or cadherin-23, the two proteins that make up the tip link. Using optical tweezers, they moved beads close to each other until the protein strands stuck together end to end and then measured the forces needed to pull the bonds apart. </span></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Graphik, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding: 2px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 3px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Stronger than the sum</span></h3><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Each tip link is made up of two strands of both proteins. The team found that the strength of this double-stranded bond far surpassed the strength of the bond between individual strands of either protein. Under low tension, a double-stranded bond lasted ten times longer than a single-stranded bond before breaking.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">This increased strength appears to be due to the dynamic nature of the connection, according to the authors. Rather than acting as a simple static rope, the filaments detach and reattach to each other within tenths of a second. A force may break one pair of strands apart, but the other pair can remain connected long enough for the broken pair to rejoin.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">At extremely high forces, however, the double-stranded bond breaks rapidly. This feature may help to prevent catastrophic damage to other components of the hair cell, the authors said.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“If the tip link were super strong, then when exposed to a very loud sound it might rip the whole complex out of the cell membrane, which would be hard to recover from,” said Wong. “The ability to break with loud sounds is analogous to a mechanical circuit breaker,” he added. “This use of multiple weak bonds to form a tunable biological circuit breaker could potentially be very interesting for synthetically engineered systems.”</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Surprisingly, the team found that under resting tension, each tip link lasts only around eight seconds before it breaks. Their analyses, coupled with evidence from other studies, suggest that new tip links can form rapidly from other strands of protein nearby. Together, the results support a new paradigm of highly dynamic tip link formation and rupture that both enables and protects hearing.</span></p><figure class="quote" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(28, 175, 235); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: Graphik, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 113px; margin-top: 102px; margin: 102px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 2 + 40px + 40px) * 1) 113px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 1 + 0px + 40px) * 1); outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 1 + 0px + -2px) * 1); position: relative; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><blockquote style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 36px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; quotes: none; top: -10px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; quotes: "“" "”" "‘" "’"; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">It’s hard to fix something if you don’t really know what’s broken, and we are optimistic that a better understanding can help lead to new solutions.</span></b></p></blockquote><figcaption style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-bottom: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); bottom: -6px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Atlas, monospace; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: -30px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-right: calc((((100% - 330px) / 12) * 1 + 0px + 30px) * 1); padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">DAVID COREY</span></figcaption></figure><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The team also looked at mutations to protocadherin-15 that are linked to Usher syndrome, a rare hereditary disorder of deafness and blindness. Their experiments suggest that some of these mutations can greatly weaken the bond between the tip link filaments. This may be why the disorder leads to deafness, and further mechanistic understanding of this process could lead to new therapeutic approaches, the authors said.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“It’s hard to fix something if you don’t really know what’s broken, and we are optimistic that a better understanding can help lead to new solutions,” Corey said.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In addition, the new findings may help inform study in other areas of the body.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“We have many different mechanical senses besides hearing, such as touch, the sensation of blood pressure, and certain types of pain,” Corey added. “We understand hearing in more molecular detail than any of the others—knowledge that can help us probe the workings of other mechanical senses.”</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Additional authors of the study include Wyss Research Scientist Darren Yang, Ph.D. and former HMS graduate student Mounir Koussa, Ph.D.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health. </span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121314; font-family: Tiempos, serif; font-size: 19px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px calc((((100% - 440px) / 12) * 4 + 120px + 40px) * 1) 0px 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><a href="https://wyss.harvard.edu/news/hearing-acrobatics/" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank">View at the original source </a></b></p></div><div><span style="color: #fcff01;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #fcff01;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #fcff01;"><br /></span></div>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-24775695305289082842021-02-07T19:41:00.005-08:002021-02-07T20:12:25.933-08:00These 3 Things Could Prevent Almost All COVID Cases, Study Finds<p> <span face=""Roboto Condensed", sans-serif" style="color: white; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;"><b style="background-color: black;">THESE SIMPLE MEASURES COULD SIGNIFICANTLY SLOW THE SPREAD OF THE VIRUS, ACCORDING TO EXPERTS.</b></span></p><p><span face=""Roboto Condensed", sans-serif" style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">Specific public health measures may be as </span>effective at fighting COVID as a vaccine<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">, a new study reports. The research, published in the </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">Annals of Internal Medicine </em><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">on Jan. 13, reveals that three specific practices combined can reduce your likelihood of </span>spreading or catching COVID<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"> by up to 96 percent. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">Read on to discover what can help slash your COVID risk, and for more ways to stay healthy, </span>Doing This to Your Mask Could Keep You Even Safer From COVID, Experts Say<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">Specific public health measures may be as </span>effective at fighting COVID as a vaccine<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">, a new study reports. The research, published in the</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">Annals of Internal Medicine </em><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">on Jan. 13, reveals that three specific practices combined can reduce your likelihood of</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span>spreading or catching COVID<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">by up to 96 percent. Read on to discover what can help slash your COVID risk, and for more ways to stay healthy,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span>Doing This to Your Mask Could Keep You Even Safer From COVID, Experts Say<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">.</span></span></p><div class="vi-stories-top-div viUnit2" id="vi-stories-top-div" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><div class="vi-stories-main-container vi-stories-z-index-base vi-stories-width-max-500 vi-stories-overlay-ui vi-stories-overlay-ui-enable vi-stories-overlay-ui-show" id="vi-stories-main-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: content-box; clear: both; font-family: Verdana; inset: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; 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border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 50%; border-style: solid; border-width: 3px; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: content-box; clear: none; cursor: pointer; display: flex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 61px; inset: 140.498px auto auto 249.49px; justify-content: center; line-height: inherit; margin: auto; outline: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: left; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); vertical-align: baseline; width: 61px; z-index: 10000;" type="button"></button></div></div><video class="HTMLPlayer-module__video" playsinline="true" preload="none" src="https://nv.vi-serve.com/vis-media/101/916/eOgDY3cBkbuxY1gLZwZ__720p.mp4" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: content-box; clear: none; display: inline-block; height: 280.995px; inset: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: static; vertical-align: baseline; width: 498.993px; word-spacing: normal;" webkit-playsinline="true"></video></div><div class="vi-stories-z-index-base vi-stories-hide-while-floating" id="vi-stories-description-container" style="background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%); border: 0px; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none; color: white; height: 84.2961px; inset: 0px auto auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline; width: 498.993px; word-spacing: normal; z-index: 899;"><div id="vi-stories-title" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: content-box; clear: none; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; inset: auto; line-height: 1.33; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: visible; padding: 10px 0px 0px; position: static; vertical-align: baseline; word-spacing: normal;">This Is What's Keeping Americans Up at Night</div></div></div></div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In a computer-simulated college campus setting, researchers at Case Western Reserve University found that practicing social distancing and implementing mandatory mask use could prevent 87 percent of COVID infections on college campuses. However, combining social distancing and mandatory mask use with regular COVID testing could prevent between 92 and 96 percent of new COVID cases, according to the study's authors—rates similar to the efficacy of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines currently available in the U.S.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">"It is clear that two common non-medical strategies are very effective and inexpensive—and allow for some in-person instruction," explained <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; word-spacing: -1.5px;">Pooyan Kazemian</strong>, the study's co-senior author and an assistant professor of operations at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve. Read on to discover just how effective a variety of other prevention methods would be, and for more insight into where COVID is spreading, check out This Is How Bad the COVID Outbreak Is in Your State. </span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="line_headline_line" style="border-left: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 37.7427px; margin-left: 19px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 1px;"></div><div class="title" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Social distancing alone would only reduce COVID by a minimal amount.</span></div></h2></div><figure class="alignnone" id="233790" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="two women walking on a path from behind" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-233790 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="800" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shutterstock_1681986253.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shutterstock_1681986253.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shutterstock_1681986253.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shutterstock_1681986253.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shutterstock_1681986253.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1200" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #9b9b9b; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;">Shutterstock</span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">While social distancing may be an effective means of reducing infection when combined with masks, if it's implemented alone, it won't do much, the study's authors found. In fact, "minimal social distancing" would only reduce infection rates by 16 percent. And for more on staying safe, check out If You're Not Doing This, Your Mask Won't Protect You, Study Says.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><figure class="alignnone" id="223767" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><div aria-hidden="true" class="placement-1301" role="complementary" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></div><img alt="Portrait of bored young male student wearing glasses sitting at laptop leaning on arm" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-223767 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="800" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/annoyed-working-from-home.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/annoyed-working-from-home.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/annoyed-working-from-home.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/annoyed-working-from-home.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/annoyed-working-from-home.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1200" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #9b9b9b; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;">iStock</span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Though it may seem like an effective means of lowering the spread of COVID among students, researchers found that doing online-only instruction actually meant more students ended up contracting COVID than if they were doing in-person instruction while taking preventative measures. The study's researchers found that switching to entirely online instruction would lower COVID rates on campus by just 63 percent, versus the 87 percent reduction accomplished through masking and distancing. And for the latest COVID news delivered straight to your inbox, </span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="line_headline_line" style="border-left: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 37.7427px; margin-left: 19px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 1px;"></div><div class="title" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Without any public health measures in place, the majority of students would catch COVID.</span></div></h2></div><figure class="alignnone" id="242792" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="young asian woman coughing or sneezing into her elbow in an office" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-242792 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="800" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/young-asian-woman-coughing-elbow.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/young-asian-woman-coughing-elbow.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/young-asian-woman-coughing-elbow.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/young-asian-woman-coughing-elbow.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/young-asian-woman-coughing-elbow.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1200" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #9b9b9b; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;">Shutterstock/fizkes</span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In the absence of social distancing and mandatory mask-wearing, COVID would spread like wildfire, the study's authors found. According to their research, close to 75 percent of students and close to 17 percent of faculty would be infected if neither measure was abided by. And for more on the latest with the vaccine, check out If You Take These OTC Meds, You Have to Stop Before Getting the Vaccine.</span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="line_headline_line" style="border-left: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 56.6141px; margin-left: 19px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 1px;"></div><div class="title" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Mask wearing and practicing social distancing are the lowest cost options for preventing COVID.</span></div></h2></div><figure class="alignnone" id="277995" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="woman with a face mask and ear muffs standing outside in the winter" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-277995 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="800" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/iStock-1284869542.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/iStock-1284869542.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/iStock-1284869542.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/iStock-1284869542.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/iStock-1284869542.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1200" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #9b9b9b; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;">iStock</span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Researchers found that the combination of mandatory mask use and social distancing could be done at a moderate cost. According to the study's model, the two measures would result in an associated cost of $170 per averted infection. And for the latest on the COVID variants recently discovered in the U.S., see why Dr. Fauci Says This One New COVID Strain Is "Disturbing." </span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="line_headline_line" style="border-left: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 37.7427px; margin-left: 19px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 1px;"></div><div class="title" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Adding testing to the mix would increase the cost dramatically.</span></div></h2></div><figure class="alignnone" id="256693" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="Close up of a doctor doing a medical exam while both him and the patient are wearing protective masks" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-256693 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="800" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/woman-getting-covid-test-results.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/woman-getting-covid-test-results.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/woman-getting-covid-test-results.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/woman-getting-covid-test-results.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/woman-getting-covid-test-results.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1200" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #9b9b9b; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;">iStock</span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">While the significant jump in efficacy associated with adding testing to on-campus COVID protocols may be appealing, including regular testing raises the cost of keeping students safe significantly. Depending on how often students are tested, the cost of combining all three measures could range between $2,000 and $17,000 for every case of COVID they prevent, researchers found. And for more insight into COVID testing, find out why The CDC Just Made This COVID Precaution Mandatory. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="background-color: #fcff01;"><a href="https://bestlifeonline.com/prevent-covid-study-news/" target="_blank">View at the original source</a> </b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Please also read </span></b></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><a href="https://capacity-career.blogspot.com/2021/02/this-common-medication-could-save-you.html" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">This Common Medication Could Save You From Severe COVID, New Study Says 08-02</span></a></h3><div><br /></div><div class="post-header" style="background-color: #141414; color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><div class="post-header-line-1"></div></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4577817540989780250" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: #141414; color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 586.068px;"><div></div></div>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-45778175409897802502021-02-07T19:21:00.007-08:002021-02-07T20:03:58.176-08:00This Common Medication Could Save You From Severe COVID, New Study Says 08-02<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrKztIqhJpK98QxdnZuUZEUYNLXllHrxPVxMxb3RJ-7oHRMqSF7IB0MaT_RNPothX3aRqeOXHTaJUeMEIpMDwfmdKhQtGpEJLp8xkltckuQxrkIn7N5ZxtvYho-E5hUiS00JXapbnp7sA/s800/prescription-medication.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrKztIqhJpK98QxdnZuUZEUYNLXllHrxPVxMxb3RJ-7oHRMqSF7IB0MaT_RNPothX3aRqeOXHTaJUeMEIpMDwfmdKhQtGpEJLp8xkltckuQxrkIn7N5ZxtvYho-E5hUiS00JXapbnp7sA/w552-h310/prescription-medication.jpg" width="552" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><div style="background-color: white; color: #4a4a4a;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Every day that you don't become infected with COVID-19 buys experts time to discover the treatments that could someday save your life. </span></span></span><div><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">In fact, one recent study out of Canada, which has yet to be peer reviewed, found that an anti-inflammatory </span>medication already on the market<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"> as a treatment for gout could greatly reduce the rate of hospitalization and death in COVID-19 cases. </span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">According to the researchers out of Montreal Heart Institute, colchicine is cheap, orally administered, and has few known side effects. Read on to learn more about this promising treatment, and for other essential COVID news, check out </span>If You Take These OTC Meds, You Have to Stop Before Getting the Vaccine<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;">. </span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The researchers assembled a group of COVID patients with mild illness and at least one underlying condition such as heart disease or diabetes. Half of the group received colchicine and the other half received a placebo for 30 days. Ultimately, they found that the risk of "death or hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection in the 30 days following randomization was lower among the patients who were randomly assigned to receive colchicine than among those who received placebo." Additionally, they reported that the control group had fewer cases of pneumonia as well as a reduced need for supplemental oxygen.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The results were even more pronounced when they controlled for subjects who were diagnosed with COVID via PCR test. "When the 93 percent of patients who had a formal diagnosis of COVID-19 are considered, the benefit of colchicine [as defined by reduced rates of hospitalization and death] was more marked (25 percent) and statistically significant," the researchers wrote.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">While more research is needed, this could have major implications for those with underlying health conditions. "Given that colchicine is inexpensive, taken by mouth, was generally safe in this study, and does not generally need lab monitoring during use, it shows potential as the first oral drug to treat COVID-19 in the outpatient setting," the researchers said. Not only would this be beneficial to the outcomes of individual patients, it would also free up hospital beds and conserve resources for the most severe COVID cases. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Wondering what other medications may improve your COVID outcome? Read on for more promising treatments that are currently under review, and for essential tips on avoiding COVID, check out These 3 Things Could Prevent Almost All COVID Cases, Study Finds. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="title " style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;">Xlear Sinus Care</div></h2></div><figure class="alignnone" id="104901" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="Woman Using Nasal Spray For Her Cold" class="alignnone size-large wp-image-104901 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="683" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/using-nasal-spray.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/using-nasal-spray.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/using-nasal-spray.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/using-nasal-spray.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/using-nasal-spray.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1024" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #9b9b9b; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;">Shutterstock</span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">According to a study posted on Dec. 21, which has yet to be peer-reviewed, researchers found that an over-the-counter nasal spray known as Xlear Sinus Care may help neutralize COVID in nasal cavities. Though the spray has only been formally tested in vitro trials so far, it was able to greatly reduce the amount of active COVID virus after 25 minutes.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Ingredients of the spray include xylitol—a chemical compound often used as a sweetener—as well as .2 percent grapefruit seed extract (GSE) and .85 percent saline. "Combination therapy with GSE and xylitol may prevent spread of viral respiratory infections not just for SARS-CoV-2 but also for future H1N1 or other viral epidemics. GSE significantly reduces the viral load while xylitol prevents the virus attachment to the core protein on the cell wall," the study authors wrote. And for more on what can reduce your COVID risk, check out These 3 Vitamins Could Save You From Severe COVID, Study Finds.</span></span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="number" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; float: left; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-right: 9px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">2</span></span></div><div class="line_headline_line " style="border-left: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 15.3762px; margin-left: 19px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 1px;"></div><div class="title " style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Remdesivir</span></span></div></h2></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><div aria-hidden="true" class="placement-1301" role="complementary" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><img alt="iv drip hangover cures" class="alignnone size-large wp-image-49946 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="682" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IV-drip-hangover-cures.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IV-drip-hangover-cures.jpg?w=1024&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IV-drip-hangover-cures.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IV-drip-hangover-cures.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1024" /></span></span></p><p></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">According to the Mayo Clinic, the FDA has approved the antiviral drug Remdesivir to treat COVID-19 in adults and children who are 12 years of age and older. Given intravenously, this drug is used to shorten the length of infection in those who have been hospitalized with COVID-19.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">The National Institute of Health (NIH) explains that the drug has "demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2" and helped to lower the rate of lung damage in COVID infected rhesus macaque monkeys. And for more on severe coronavirus cases, check out If You've Done This, You're Twice as Likely to Develop Severe COVID.</span></span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="number" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; float: left; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-right: 9px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">3</span></span></div><div class="line_headline_line " style="border-left: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 15.3762px; margin-left: 19px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 1px;"></div><div class="title " style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Monoclonal antibody treatments</span></span></div></h2></div><figure class="alignnone" id="279636" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><img alt="Two healthcare workers wearing full protective gear care for an intubated patient in the ICU who is suffering from COVID." class="alignnone size-large wp-image-279636 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="683" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/hospital-patient-icu-surgeon-general-warning-covid.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/hospital-patient-icu-surgeon-general-warning-covid.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/hospital-patient-icu-surgeon-general-warning-covid.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/hospital-patient-icu-surgeon-general-warning-covid.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/hospital-patient-icu-surgeon-general-warning-covid.jpg?w=1254&ssl=1 1254w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1024" /></span></span><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;"><a href="https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/healthcare-workers-adjusting-equipment-to-a-covid-patient-gm1255592762-367372897" style="background-color: black; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;" target="blank"><span style="color: white;">iStock</span></a></span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Monoclonal antibody treatments such as Regeneron work by mimicking our own immune response to a COVID threat. According to BBC News, "antibodies physically stick to the coronavirus so they can't get inside the body's cells and they make the virus more 'visible' to the rest of the immune system."</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">While Regeneron was one of the earliest treatments approved to fight existing COVID cases, researchers have more recently discovered that the drug may work preventatively—meaning <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">before</em> individuals are exposed to the new coronavirus. In one new study conducted by UVA Health, the researchers found that when 186 individuals received the antibody cocktail and were subsequently exposed to COVID, none developed symptomatic cases of COVID. While Regeneron is unlikely to provide long-term preventative protection, it could be beneficial to those who face elevated risk of infection for a short period of time—for example, an individual who is taking care of an infected relative. And for more COVID news delivered right to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter.</span></span></p><div class="number-head-mod number-head-mod-standalone" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 40px 0px 10px;"><h2 class="header-mod" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div class="number" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; float: left; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-right: 9px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">4</span></span></div><div class="line_headline_line " style="border-left: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 15.3762px; margin-left: 19px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 1px;"></div><div class="title " style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 11px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Aspirin</span></span></div></h2></div><figure class="alignnone" id="264651" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><img alt="" class="alignnone size-large wp-image-264651 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="683" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" src="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/aspirin-bottle-on-table.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/aspirin-bottle-on-table.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/aspirin-bottle-on-table.jpg?resize=500%2C333&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/aspirin-bottle-on-table.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/bestlifeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/aspirin-bottle-on-table.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1024" /></span></span><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Roboto-Regular, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; margin-bottom: 22px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.61111rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 2px; order: 0; width: 499.199px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Shutterstock</span></span></span></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">New research shows that those who take a daily dose of aspirin may experience better COVID outcomes than those who do not. An October study published in the journal <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Anesthesia and Analgesia</em> looked at the medical records of more than 400 coronavirus patients who were hospitalized from March to July as a result of the virus. They found that over 23 percent of those patients were taking a daily low dose of aspirin either shortly before or soon after being admitted to the hospital to manage cardiovascular disease.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Of those hospitalized COVID patients, those who took a daily low dose of aspirin were 43 percent less likely to be put in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 44 percent less likely to be placed on a ventilator. Those same patients were also 47 percent less likely to die from COVID than the hospitalized patients who were not taking aspirin daily. And to avoid contracting COVID in the first place, beware that This Is Where You're Most Likely to Catch COVID Now, New Study Says.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><a href="https://bestlifeonline.com/news-covid-medication/" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank">View at the original source</a> </b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="background-color: black;"><br /></b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Please also read </span></b></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="color: #fcff01;"><a href="https://capacity-career.blogspot.com/2021/02/these-3-things-could-prevent-almost-all.html" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank">These 3 Things Could Prevent Almost All COVID Cases, Study Finds</a></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><br /></b></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><br /></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Georgia, "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p></div>Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-63296609636747759702019-08-18T05:40:00.003-07:002019-09-29T00:23:37.105-07:00Pain is a signal of vulnerability 08-18<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Millions of people are affected by chronic pain. For some of them, there is an injury or a disease causing it. For others, their mind is causing the pain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">This essay explains the rationale behind this behavior of our mind and explores some ways to cure such kind of chronic pain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of pain</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Pain serves a purpose. When we twist our ankle, it becomes painful. This is good. It makes us aware that we twisted it, and it ensures that we do not step on it before it has healed.</span></div>
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But pain is not a signal of damage</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Many believe that pain is a signal of damage occurring somewhere in our body. This is incorrect: <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">pain is a signal that we are vulnerable</span>, that damage can occur to us in the future. Most times, we are vulnerable because of damage (as in the example of the twisted ankle), hence the confusion between pain as a signal of damage and pain as a signal of vulnerability. I will try to explain why pain is indeed linked to vulnerability, but not (necessarily) to damage.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Not all times when there is damage in our body we feel pain, and not all the times we feel pain there is damage in our body. However, every time that we feel pain there is a potential for future damage (a vulnerability).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Here are some examples of cases in which our body has been damaged and yet, pain is not felt:</span></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">There are numerous reports of soldiers in World War I & II who lost a limb in an explosion and yet, did not feel any pain. Why? Because the injury would mean they would not have to fight anymore and that they would soon be sent home. They felt less vulnerable to death in a hospital bed with a severed limb than when they had to fight in the trenches. The future feels safe(r), so no pain. As I will show later, the pain neurons in the affected limb still fire to signal pain, but the signal is probably suppressed by their brain. Now that the soldier is in a boat on the way home, it has no utility towards changing the behavior of the soldiers: they are now attended by doctors and on their way home.</span></li>
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<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">When doing sports, it might happen that we procure ourselves a small injury. Often, we do not feel the pain until after we stop the physical activity. This is likely a consequence of the fact that sports are often not very different from activities such as fighting or fleeing. In such cases, there is a much higher risk of damage to our body if we rest in front of an enemy or predator which might kill us rather than if we step on that twisted ankle or keep using that muscle we just sprained. As a consequence, using the damaged body part is perceived as less dangerous than not using it, and no pain is felt (at least after the first initial seconds). The pain signal is suppressed.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Examples of cases in which we feel pain but there is no actual damage in the body:</span></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If your finger touches a hot pot, you will feel pain, even if the touch only lasted for an instant and your skin did not receive any actual damage. In this case, pain was not a signal that your skin got damaged (it didn’t), but a signal that your skin might get damaged if the behavior persists (i.e. your skin is vulnerable).</span></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Similarly, when exposed to extreme cold for a short amount of time, your skin will feel painful. It is not damaged yet, but it will assume, if the exposure continues. Pain is not a signal of current damage, but of future one.</span></li>
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<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Science writer Erik Vance tells us an interesting story. Sitting in a lab, he got administered electrical discharges. When the screen in front of him would turn red, he would receive a stronger charge; when it would turn green, he will receive a lighter one. After following this pattern for a few minutes, the researchers changed the rule: all discharges will be strong ones. Erik, who was not aware of the change, still perceived little pain when the screen was green, even though the actual discharges were strong. His brain overrode reality with expectations (of imminent body damage). <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Expecto, ergo est.</em></span></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Psychosomatic pain. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A condition for the emergence of psychosomatic pain is a perceived condition of generalized vulnerability</span> (and, by association, future physical damage). I will clarify this later in the chapter.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">I can draw an example of psychosomatic pain from my personal experience. When I was 23, I noticed a fast-growing black mole on my right foot. I did not feel any pain, but I decided to visit a dermatologist anyway. After the examination, he told me that the mole could degenerate if left unchecked. We scheduled the removal for the following week. During the 7 days between the dermatologist’s visit and the surgical operation, my foot ached. Of course, there was no good reason for my foot for aching: I had no injury and there is no way that a tiny mole, even if malignant, is painful. However, there I was, feeling pain. Why? During the first visit, dermatologist said that the mole could degenerate if not removed. My brain captured that information and inferred that my foot was vulnerable. To ensure that I would stay focused on the task of removing the mole, it made me feel pain. (How physiologically my brain managed to make me feel pain will be explained later.)</span></div>
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Damage does not have to be physical</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Physical damage can predict further physical damage. For example, if our ankle is twisted, we are in a vulnerable situation. Not only stepping on our ankle can make the injury worse, but a twisted ankle is also a liability in case we have to escape from a predator or fight with an enemy. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Physical damage is a vulnerability.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">However, current physical damage is not the only predictor of future physical damage.<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Also psychological damage, social damage and lack of resources predict future physical damage.</span> When we are healthy but in a condition that might lead to us being unhealthy in the future, we are vulnerable.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Some examples:</span></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If I lack the resources I need for living (food, money, sheltering, etc.), I am at a higher risk of physical deterioration.</span></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If I did something wrong which hurt other members of my community, I face the risk of being isolated and ultimately ostracized by my community (social damage). Alone, it is much harder to find the resources needed for living and the help or support in case of need: over time, physical deterioration might follow.</span></li>
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<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If I am depressed (psychological damage), I am a less attractive mate and a worse friend. This might lead me to get left alone by my previous friends. As explained in the previous bullet point, if alone, I am more likely to face a shortage of resources and external support, which directly leads to a higher risk of physical damage or deterioration.</span></li>
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<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, it makes sense for my body and brain to consider lack of resources, social damage and psychological damage as a vulnerability and thus akin to a risk of physical damage. Such risk of physical damage then manifests as pain.</span>However, such vulnerability and pain are generalized: they are linked to our personal situation, but not to any specific part of the body. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If our body does not have reasons to target a specific part of our body with pain, it manifests the generalized vulnerability as stress.</span> In the next section I will explain this process.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">
Stress as generalized vulnerability</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">First, let me explain the purpose of stress. The feeling of being vulnerable is used to trigger reactions and to find solution to the root cause of the vulnerability (how this takes place in practice will be the topic of the next section). However, such reactions, like all actions and reactions initiated or mediated by our brain, have to undergo motivational gating by the basal ganglia. If such reactions are repressed (they do not manage to overcome the motivational gating), no solution or damage mitigation plan is found, and the vulnerability keeps going unaddressed. What started as a clear signal of vulnerability is now a generalized signal of vulnerability. Our brain still knows that something is wrong, even if repression through motivational gating does not allow it to know exactly what is wrong. Nevertheless, something has to be done. The signal that something has to be done is stress.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Our brain is mostly an inference machine. The role of each neuron or group of neurons is to recognize a pattern in the inputs it receives. Such inputs are of three types: sensorial data (bottom-up), context (lateral), and expectations (top-down). Let’s see a (much simplified) example of how this works. Let’s say that a neuron’s job is to fire when it recognizes a dog. This means that it will fire if it recognizes sensorial input corresponding to four paws, a body of a certain size, a fur, a head, and a tail. If the only sensorial input is a tail, it will generally not fire. It needs a minimum number of sensorial stimuli matching the pattern of what a dog looks like in order to fire. Such minimum number is called the <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">admissibility threshold</em>. For example, it might fire when 4 of the 5 visual characteristics of a dog listed above are recognized. However, top-down expectations might reduce the number of sensorial data needed for the neuron the fire. If I am at home and I own a dog, I expect to see it in the living room. If through the kitchen door I only see a tail, my neuron will fire: it is highly probable that that tail means that my dog is there. In other words, top-down expectations reduce the admissibility threshold and thus the amount of proof (sensorial stimuli) needed to conclude that what is expected is indeed there.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Now, enter stress. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Stress is a state of generalized vulnerability</span>: our brain knows that we are vulnerable, but such vulnerability is not associated with a specific body part and thus does not generate pain. However, because of the vulnerability, our brain has a higher expectation of feeling pain. This top-down expectation lowers the sensory threshold for experiencing pain. My hypothesis is that, because of this top-down expectation, our brain will be more likely to find admissible sensorial signals that are precursors of pain. Let’s see an example: I do some work in the backyard. Usually, I would need to lift a very high load to damage my back. Let’s say that lifting 50 kg would cause my back to suffer damage (such as a herniated disc). At this point, I will suffer pain: a signal that I need to rest; otherwise, I will suffer worse injuries. Even after healing, my brain is likely to remember that lifting 50 kg might cause back damage. The next time I lift 50 kg, even if my back does not actually get injured, I am likely to feel pain: a signal that I’m <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vulnerable</em> to damage. Now, let’s imagine that I am in a stressful period of my life. This time, the pain threshold will be lower (due to the stress). One of two phenomena is likely to occur:</span></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Since the pain threshold is lower, the sensorial signals sent by my back to my brain when I lift 40 kg are enough to cause pain. I might think that I am injured and got a herniated disc, even if my back does not actually have any.</span></li>
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<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">A generalized vulnerability manifests as stress because it does not have any admissible location where to manifest as body pain. Lifting the weight gives my brain an admissible location where to feel the pain: my back. So, I feel pain there.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">(In some cases of chronic pain, doctors recommend serotonin uptake inhibitors. They work because lack of serotonin signals a lack of resources – which is a condition of vulnerability and therefore causes the admissibility threshold for pain to lower.)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">You might feel skeptical: can our brain really imagine pain? Why would it do that to itself? Let me show you some medical results that suggest it really is like that.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">
John Sarno’s patients</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In his books <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Mindbody Prescription” </em>and <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Divided Mind”</em>, Dr. John Sarno describes numerous cases of patients with psychogenic pain: pain engineered by our brain. Dr. Sarno would make an objective analysis to eliminate other diagnoses. Then, he would interview them and notice that they were very stressed. Then, he will tell them that their pain is psychogenic: it originated in their brain. They didn’t feel pain because something was wrong in the body, but because their brain was making them feel pain. Their brain, he would explain them, was doing so in order to distract them from thinking about inadmissible thoughts about themselves, which were unconsciously generating guilt, shame, and other emotions which would all create stress (Author’s note: I do not agree on this very point – I will explain my theory later). In some patients, the pain vanished over the next 24 hours; others needed to attend a few group sessions in which such mechanics would be explained more in depth. The results are surprising: after having worked with Sarno, about 85% of his patients reported improvements in their condition, 44% of them reporting little or no pain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">How could the brain of his patients generate pain? Sarno hypothesized that the brain achieved this result by contracting some blood vessel and generating mild ischemia (deprivation of oxygen) in the target tissues. If you doubt the ability of the brain to alter the size of blood vessels, just think about how we blush after doing something embarrassing: our brain increased the diameter of the blood vessels in our cheeks.</span></div>
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Arthroscopic surgeries of the knee</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Sham surgeries are fake interventions where the patient gets transported into the operation room and anesthetized. However, the doctors do not actually perform any surgery – they merely make the patient believe they did. The results have been surprisingly positive: for example, <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sham surgeries for arthroscopic surgery of an osteoarthritic knee proved to be as effective as real ones</span>. This means that at least some cases of knee pain are not caused by actual body damage, but by the perception of a state of vulnerability.</span></div>
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Herniated discs</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In his book <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Mindbody Prescription”</em>, Dr. John Sarno reports a study published in the journal Spine. Doctors made lumbar CT scans to a group of people without lower back pain: they found disc abnormalities, stenosis and other aging changes in 50% of patients over 40 years old. Such abnormalities were not causing any pain. Contrast this with the common procedure when a patient tells a doctor he has been suffering from back pain. Often, a scan of his back is ordered; if an abnormality is found, such as a herniated disc, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">responsibility for the pain is attributed to it. Sometimes, surgeries are even recommended. However, if herniated discs are present also in painless patients, how can we be sure that they are the cause of the pain in patients with back pain? There is a chance, writes Dr. Sarno, that at least in some of the patients with chronic back pain, the herniated disc is not the cause of the pain (or it is the cause of its onset, but not of its persistence). In such cases, psychogenic pain would be the cause.</span></div>
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The sources of pain</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There are three sources of pain:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nociceptive pain:</span> this is the pain we generally refer to in common talking. It is caused by external harmful factors which excites our nociceptors (the neurons responsible to detect extreme heat, extreme cold, wounds, impacts, and so on). This kind of localized pain causes a bottom-up inference of a localized vulnerability.</span></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Psychosomatic pain:</span> this pain takes place when nothing is wrong in our body and, nevertheless, our brain infers from our present situation that we are generally vulnerable (e.g. to social isolation, lack of resources, etc.). This inference generates stress and a top-down expectation of pain, which is eventually manifested in the most admissible body location.</span></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Psychogenic pain:</span> technically, this is a concurrence of the two previous cases. However, I listed it as a separate occurrence to highlight the specific process. As for psychosomatic pain, our brain expects a body part to manifest pain. Differently from purely psychosomatic pain, this top-down expectation triggers some physiological processes (such as mild ischemia – a lack of oxygen delivered to muscles<a href="https://www.luca-dellanna.com/pain-signal-vulnerability/#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[6]</a>) which in turn trigger nociceptive pain. In this case, there is something unusual with our body, but only because of signals given by our brain causing the unusual condition in our tissues.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Some might be skeptical that our brain indeed can generate changes in our body which in turn provoke pain. But just think about how our cheeks turn red when we are embarrassed: our brain can very easily initiate such physiological processes.</span></div>
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Chronic pain</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Many theories on chronic pain propose that its onset is triggered by an episode of extreme stress. I believe that this is partially true. My hypothesis is that <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">stress is not the trigger of chronic pain, but the enabler.</span> There would be little reason for pain to persist if the vulnerability (the stress) is gone. Rather, it makes a lot of sense that pain persists as long as the vulnerability is there, and that it goes away once the vulnerability is gone.</span></div>
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Placebos</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Professor Nicholas Humphrey tells a story about placebos and hamsters. “Suppose a hamster is injected with bacteria which makes it sick – but in one case the hamster is an artificial day/night cycle that suggests it’s summer; in the other case, it’s in a cycle that suggests it’s winter. If the hamster is tricked into thinking it is summer, it throws everything it has got against infection and recovers completely. If it flings to study its winter, then it just mounts a holding operation, as if it is waiting until it knows it’s safe to mount a full-scale response. […] In winter, we are conscious about deploying our immune resources. That’s why a cold lasts much longer in winter than it does in summer. […] Placebos work because they suggest to people that the picture is rosier than it really is. […] Placebos give people fake information that it’s safe to cure them.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The purpose of pain is to modify our behavior in such a way that we reduce our exposure to the vulnerability causing the pain. This might include finding a solution (e.g. treating a wound), dispensing ourselves from the potential source of harm (e.g. taking our finger away from a hot pot) and putting ourselves in the situation where it is safe to heal (e.g. staying in bed). Rory Sutherland said: <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“[Placebos are signals that] now it’s a really good time to invest big in getting better.”</span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Healing is often a costly process. </span>Knowing whether now the time is to address the root source of harm is an important ability. Our body has to commit resources (energy, nutrition, attention, time, antibodies, etc.) which would be better used elsewhere. Here are some examples of situations where it is not a good idea to heal:</span></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">A wolf bites my hand. Instead of treating the wound, I better fight the animal or flee.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The harvest is late and we are suffering from malnutrition. Instead of lying in the bed to reduce energy consumption, we should work in the field to ensure that we will have the maximum number of vegetables once they will be ready.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">I sprained a leg muscle during a long hike in the mountains. The optimal reaction is to keep using the muscle, although with caution, to reach home, where it will be safe to rest and heal.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Our brain evolved the ability to infer whether now is a good time to commit the resources required for healing or to persist in our default behavior unmodified by pain. Many factors, stress being the most important one, can influence this inference. In particular, stress (which is a signal of a generalized vulnerability) might suggest to our brain that now it is not the time to heal, and that it is appropriate to feel pain is a signal that we are not safe yet and a reaction is needed.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Placebos work by suggesting us that we are safe. If we are safe, there is no need any more to save resources for fleeing or addressing the external source of harm. Instead, we can now commit them to healing.</span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span></div>
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Behavioral placebos</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In the previous paragraphs, I said that <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">placebos</span> are suggestions that we are safe and can commit resources to heal. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They are permissions to heal.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">There is a second definition of placebo, which is more interesting from a behavioral point of view: <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Placebos as permission to change.</span> They are a narrative we can tell ourselves to justify a change in our behavior.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Here is a story to use as an example: <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Elbert always wanted to dress in a more elegant way; however, he never did so as it “wouldn’t fit him”. He already had some suits in the wardrobe, and he liked to use them during weddings and other formal events. However, he could not get himself to wear them in any other occasion. He feared that others would ask questions such as “why did you start dressing elegantly” and “why didn’t you do it before?”. These thoughts prevented him from dressing up for a long time. One day, he received permission to change: his wife gifted him with a suit. Finally, he got a coherent narrative to justify himself wearing one in informal occasions. It would not be his choice: it would be his wife’s.</em></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Comedians do not only know a large number of funny jokes, they are also very good at giving us permission to laugh. Similarly, a lady might have different perceptions of a serenade, based on whether it is performed by a cool handsome guy or by a shy and uncool one. In the former case, it is perceived as a romantic gesture; in the latter, as a creepy one.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Rory Sutherland said: “Trumpets and marching are bravery placebos”. Placebos allow us to be confident. (As a side note: if being confident is a good thing, why aren’t we all always confident? It is because being confident isn’t always a good thing. Often, it is a bad idea to being confident when there aren’t reasons to be confident. For example, it can lead to being perceived as arrogant, as a bully, and lead to shame and to being ostracized. This is why our brain had to evolve the ability to infer from the situation at hand when to be confident, and when not to. Lack of confidence, like all bad feelings and emotions, has an overall beneficial purpose or is the necessary byproduct of something beneficial).</span></div>
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Conclusion</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Physical damage is only one of the causes of pain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If you suffer from chronic pain with no clear physiological cause or with a physiological cause which doesn’t seem to heal, consider the possibility that your unconscious self might feel so threatened that it believes that pain is an appropriate reaction.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In that case, two approaches might be beneficial: placebos, and taking care of those sources of stress which are making your unconscious self feel vulnerable.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.luca-dellanna.com/pain-signal-vulnerability/"><b style="background-color: yellow;">View at the original source</b></a></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-36755912222903240012019-07-26T04:54:00.002-07:002019-08-10T20:36:22.722-07:00Using body heat to speed healing 07-26<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuuuaPqZif2DYJwfQUp_cBvmhnhFcTIgIeWQ_GdSPs0f5V0mBIN6w0ClELak73j_WvmyFvk10YJoBt1JQaHR-cFhY5vR31dr8Dn1hJD65XEysJjSDKIY8go2RXshepP5o8e8Dyb4DDdmY/s1600/Rearch.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="945" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuuuaPqZif2DYJwfQUp_cBvmhnhFcTIgIeWQ_GdSPs0f5V0mBIN6w0ClELak73j_WvmyFvk10YJoBt1JQaHR-cFhY5vR31dr8Dn1hJD65XEysJjSDKIY8go2RXshepP5o8e8Dyb4DDdmY/s640/Rearch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "dinamit"; font-size: 28px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.375; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><b>Bioinspired wound dressing contracts in response to body heat. </b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Cuts, scrapes, blisters, burns, splinters, and punctures — there are a number of ways our skin can be broken. Most treatments for skin wounds involve simply covering them with a barrier (usually an adhesive gauze bandage) to keep them moist, limit pain, and reduce exposure to infectious microbes, but they do not actively assist in the healing process.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">More sophisticated wound dressings that can monitor aspects of healing such as pH and temperature and deliver therapies to a wound site have been developed in recent years, but they are complex to manufacture, expensive, and difficult to customize, limiting their potential for widespread use.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Now, a new, scalable approach to speeding up wound healing has been developed based on heat-responsive hydrogels that are mechanically active, stretchy, tough, highly adhesive, and antimicrobial: active adhesive dressings (AADs). Created by researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, the Harvard John A. Paulson School for Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and McGill University, AADs can close wounds </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">significantly faster than other methods and prevent bacterial growth without the need for any additional apparatus or stimuli. The research is reported in Science Advances.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“This technology has the potential to be used not only for skin injuries, but also for chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers and pressure sores, for drug delivery, and as components of soft robotics-based therapies,” said corresponding author <a href="https://wyss.harvard.edu/team/core-faculty/david-mooney/" style="border-bottom-color: currentColor; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s, 0s; transition-duration: 0.1s, 0.1s; transition-timing-function: linear, linear;">David Mooney</a>, a founding core faculty member of the Wyss Institute and the Robert P. Pinkas Family Professor of Bioengineering at SEAS.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">AADs take their inspiration from developing embryos, whose skin is able to heal itself completely, without forming scar tissue. To achieve this, the embryonic skin cells around a wound produce fibers made of the protein actin that contract to draw the wound edges together, like a drawstring bag being pulled closed. Skin cells lose this ability once a fetus develops past a certain age, and any injuries that occur after that point cause inflammation and scarring during the healing process.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">To mimic the contractile forces that pull embryonic skin wounds closed, the researchers extended the design of previously developed <a href="https://wyss.harvard.edu/sticky-when-wet-strong-adhesives-for-wound-healing/" style="border-bottom-color: currentColor; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s, 0s; transition-duration: 0.1s, 0.1s; transition-timing-function: linear, linear;">tough, adhesive hydrogels</a> by adding a thermoresponsive polymer known as PNIPAm, which both repels water and shrinks at around 90 degrees Fahrenheit. The resulting hybrid hydrogel begins to contract when exposed to body heat, and transmits the force of the contracting PNIPAm component to the underlying tissue viastrong bonds between the alginate hydrogel and the tissue. In addition, silver nanoparticles are embedded in the AAD to provide antimicrobial protection.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "dinamit" , serif; font-size: 24pt;">“This
technology has the potential to be used not only for skin injuries, but also
for chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers and pressure sores, for drug delivery,
and as components of soft robotics-based therapies.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "dinamit" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">— David Mooney</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“The AAD bonded to pig skin with over 10 times the adhesive force of a Band-Aid and prevented bacteria from growing, so this technology is already significantly better than most commonly used wound protection products, even before considering its wound-closing properties,” said Benjamin Freedman, a Graduate School of Arts and Sciences’ <a href="https://wyss.harvard.edu/team/postdoctoral-fellow/benjamin-freedman/" style="border-bottom-color: currentColor; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s, 0s; transition-duration: 0.1s, 0.1s; transition-timing-function: linear, linear;">postdoctoral fellow</a> in the Mooney lab who is leading the project.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">To test how well their AAD closed wounds, the researchers tested it on patches of mouse skin and found that it reduced the size of the wound area by about 45 percent compared to almost no change in area in the untreated samples, and closed wounds faster than treatments including microgels, chitosan, gelatin, and other types of hydrogels. The AAD also did not cause inflammation or immune responses, indicating that it is safe for use in and on living tissues.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Furthermore, the researchers were able to adjust the amount of wound closure performed by the AAD by adding different amounts of acrylamide monomers during the manufacturing process. “This property could be useful when applying the adhesive to wounds on a joint like the elbow, which moves around a lot and would probably benefit from a looser bond, compared to a more static area of the body like the shin,” said co-first author Jianyu Li, a former postdoctoral fellow at the Wyss Institute who is now an assistant professor at McGill University.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The team also created a computer simulation of AAD-assisted wound closure, which predicted that AAD could cause human skin to contract at a rate comparable to that of mouse skin, indicating that it has a higher likelihood of displaying a clinical benefit in human patients.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“We are continuing this research with studies to learn more about how the mechanical cues exerted by AAD impact the biological process of wound healing, and how AAD performs across a range of different temperatures, as body temperature can vary at different locations,” said Freedman. “We hope to pursue additional preclinical studies to demonstrate AAD’s potential as a medical product, and then work toward commercialization.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "nocturno"; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Additional authors of the paper include co-first author Serena Blacklow, a former member of the Mooney lab who is now a graduate student at the University of California, San Francisco; Mahdi Zeidi, a graduate student at University of Toronto; and Chao Chen, a former graduate student in SEAS who is now a postdoc at UMass Amherst.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "nocturno"; font-size: 19px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Harvard University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center.</span><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/07/bioinspired-wound-dressing-contracts-in-response-to-body-heat-speeding-up-healing/">View at the source</a></span></b></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-79474357750482861202019-06-23T07:59:00.000-07:002019-06-26T21:02:29.799-07:00These are the world's best universities by subject 06-23<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If you want to pick the the best university for your chosen field of study, go to the U.S. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The QS World University Rankings show U.S. universities hold the top spot for virtually all subjects.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Harvard, Stanford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology dominate in engineering and technology; natural sciences; and social sciences and management.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The rankings group 48 disciplines into the five broad subject categories. They highlight the best universities in each category using research citations and surveys of employers and academics. In total, 1,200 universities in 78 locations are listed.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Outside of the top slots, Asian universities also get a good showing, in particular Nanyang Technological University Singapore and the National University of Singapore. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "neue helvetica w01" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 1.12rem; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.65rem; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Western universities have dominated the top tier of higher education tables for years, but providers in Asia are becoming increasingly visible players in the elite and funding for education is on the rise.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Globalisation is rapidly changing the education sector. As the global middle class expands, there will be increasing demand for higher education, particularly in China and India. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The battle to host international students – and benefit from the income and expertise they bring – is already on. Governments from the UK to Japan are bringing in measures to attract the best minds. </span></div>
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<a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/these-are-the-worlds-best-universities-by-subject-2fdfb2c668?fbclid=IwAR1h4p9hNKqP5XVva8r-WOP48DH9PNCF_2PhKlwNxUqBjzs_32CpZzb0Wvk"><b><span style="background-color: yellow;">View at the original source</span></b></a></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-1867876741971449832019-06-22T02:56:00.000-07:002019-07-02T20:32:43.795-07:003 technologies that could define the next decade of cybersecurity 06-22<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In little over a decade, cybercrime has moved from being a specialist and niche-crime type to one of the most significant strategic risks facing the world today, according to the World Economic Forum <i style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125;">Global Risks Report</i> <i style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125;">2019</i>. Nearly every technologically advanced state and emerging economy in the world has made it a priority to mitigate the impact of financially motivated cybercrime. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The global experience of the past decade has largely been dominated by the emergence of a professional underground economy that provides scale, significant return-on-investment and entry points for criminals to turn a technical specialist crime into a global volume crime. The cybersecurity landscape in the past decade has been shaped by the targeting of financial institutions, notably with malware configured to harvest payment information and target financial platforms. The early cybercrime market that gave rise to the criminal online ecosystem was centred on the trading of harvested stolen credit cards, and some of the most high-profile and sophisticated global attacks focus on the penetration and manipulation of the internal networks of complex global payment systems. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The Russian-speaking world has not been immune from these trends. Cyberattacks on financial organizations in Russia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe by some of the most sophisticated cybercrime gangs in the world have targeted clients, digital channels and networks. The Russian-speaking underground economy is one of the most active globally, with hundreds of fora and tens of thousands of users. Criminal groups exploit the margins of co-operation to conduct global campaigns, and their threat capacity is always adapting as groups work together in a borderless environment to combat technical defences. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The past 10 years mark only the start of the global cybersecurity journey. New architectures and cooperation are required as we stand at the brink of a new era of cybercrime, which will be empowered by new and emergent technology. These three technologies might very well define the next 10 years of global cybersecurity: </span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.125;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">1. 5G networks and infrastructure convergence</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">A new generation of 5G networks will be the single most challenging issue for the cybersecurity landscape. It is not just faster internet; the design of 5G will mean that the world will enter into an era where, by 2025, 75 billion new devices will be connecting to the internet every year, running critical applications and infrastructure at nearly 1,000 times the speed of the current internet. This will provide the architecture for connecting whole new industries, geographies and communities - but at the same time it will hugely alter the threat landscape, as it potentially moves cybercrime from being an invisible, financially driven issue to one where real and serious physical damage will occur at a 5G pace. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">5G will potentially provide any attacker with instant access to vulnerable networks. When this is combined with the enterprise and operational technology, a new generation of cyberattacks will emerge, some of which we are already seeing. The recent ransomware attack against the US city of Baltimore, for example, locked 10,000 employees out of their workstations. In the near future, smart city infrastructures will provide interconnected systems at a new scale, from transport systems for driverless cars, automated water and waste systems, to emergency workers and services, all interdependent and - potentially - as highly vulnerable as they are highly connected. In 2017, the WannaCry attack that took parts of the UK’s National Health Service down took days to spread globally, but in a 5G era the malware would spread this attack <i style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125;">at the speed of light.</i> It is clear that 5G will not only enable great prosperity and <a href="https://www.weforum.org/projects/precision-medicine" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 224, 232); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125; text-decoration: none; transition: 0.15s ease-out;">help to save people’s lives</a>, it will also have the capacity to thrust cybercrime into the real world at a scale and with consequences yet unknown. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.125;">2. Artificial</b><b style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.125;"> </b><b style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.125;">intelligence</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">To build cyber defences capable of operating at the scale and pace needed to safeguard our digital prosperity, artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical component in how the world can build global immunity from attacks. Given the need for huge efficiencies in detection, provision of situational awareness and real-time remediation of threats, automation and AI-driven solutions are the future of cybersecurity. Critically, however, the experience of cybercrime to-date shows that any technical developments in AI are quickly seized upon and exploited by the criminal community, posing entirely new challenges to cybersecurity in the global threat landscape. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The use of AI by criminals will potentially bypass – in an instant – entire generations of technical controls that industries have built up over decades. In the financial services sector we will <a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/how-ai-raises-the-threat-of-cyberattack-and-why-the-best-defence-is-more-ai-5eb78ba081" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 224, 232); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125; text-decoration: none; transition: 0.15s ease-out;">soon start to see criminals deploy malware</a> with the ability to capture and exploit voice synthesis technology, mimicking human behaviour and biometric data to circumvent authentication of controls for people’s bank accounts, for example. But this is only the beginning. Criminal use of AI will almost certainly generate new attack cycles, highly targeted and deployed for the greatest impact, and in ways that were not thought possible in industries never previously targeted: in areas such as biotech, for <a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/cyber-attacks-ai-artificial-intelligence-drone-swarms-data-poisoning" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 224, 232); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125; text-decoration: none; transition: 0.15s ease-out;">the theft and manipulation of stored DNA code</a>; mobility, for the hijacking of unmanned vehicles; and healthcare, where ransomware will be timed and deployed for maximum impact. </span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.125;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">3. Biometrics</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">To combat these emerging threats, biometrics is being widely introduced in different sectors and with various aims around the world, while at the same time raising significant challenges for the global security community. Biometrics and next-generation authentication require high volumes of data about an individual, their activity and behaviour. Voices, faces and the slightest details of movement and behavioural traits will need to be stored globally, and this will drive cybercriminals to target and exploit a new generation of personal data. Exploitation will no longer be limited to the theft of people’s credit card number, but will target theft of their being – their fingerprints, voice identification and retinal scans. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Most experts agree that three-factor authentication is the best available option, and that two-factor authentication is a must. ‘Know’ (password), ‘have’ (token) and ‘are’ (biometrics) are the three factors for authentication, and each one makes this process stronger and more secure. For those charged with defending our digital future, however, understanding an entire ecosystem of biometric software, technology and storage points makes it still harder to defend the rapidly and ever-expanding attack surface.</span></div>
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<h2 class="st__content-block st__content-block--heading" id="what-next" style="box-sizing: border-box; font: 700 24px/1.125 "quot"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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What next?
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Over the past decade, criminals have been able to seize on a low-risk, high-reward landscape in which attribution is rare and significant pressure is placed on the traditional levers and responses to crime. In the next 10 years, the cybersecurity landscape could change significantly, driven by a new generation of transformative technology. To understand how to secure our shared digital future we must first understand how the security community believes the cyberthreat will change and how the consequent risk landscape will be transformed. This critical and urgent analysis must be based on evidence and research, and must leverage the expertise of those in academia, the technical community and policymakers </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "neue helvetica w01" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 1.12rem; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.65rem; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">around the world. By doing this, the security ecosystem can help build a new generation of cybersecurity defences and partnerships that will enable global prosperity. </span></div>
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<i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><b></b><span style="background-color: yellow;"></span><a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/3-technologies-that-could-define-the-next-decade-of-cybersecurity/"></a><span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: white;"><a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/3-technologies-that-could-define-the-next-decade-of-cybersecurity/">View at the original source</a></span></b></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-61302068757469102022019-06-20T23:37:00.000-07:002019-06-20T23:41:32.903-07:00Bill that seeks to lift green card cap amended to protect US 06-21<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9fn921F_ckQzMj5lljLYEB4SRefBXGXz696wkxRx5r7JMNyPVusYJOCPE7ZW1vxQTa9VRVb5dSYIRmuHlp2_Ml9CFXKl1LlwULBI3rRcm7lOWXimQs9vG1bXERfwpvfw_8fhURx6GGrg/s1600/ending-country-cap-in-green-cards-may-allow-india-china-to-dominate-path-to-us-citizenship-report.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="300" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9fn921F_ckQzMj5lljLYEB4SRefBXGXz696wkxRx5r7JMNyPVusYJOCPE7ZW1vxQTa9VRVb5dSYIRmuHlp2_Ml9CFXKl1LlwULBI3rRcm7lOWXimQs9vG1bXERfwpvfw_8fhURx6GGrg/s640/ending-country-cap-in-green-cards-may-allow-india-china-to-dominate-path-to-us-citizenship-report.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Eliminating the country quota from the most sought-after Green Cards will end the current discrimination in the US labour market, but would allow countries like India and China to dominate the path to American citizenship, according to the latest Congressional report.
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Having a Green Card allows a person to live and work permanently in the United States.
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Indian-Americans, most of whom are highly skilled and come to the US mainly on the H-1B work visas, are the worst sufferers of the current immigration system which imposes a seven per cent per country quota on allotment of Green Cards or the Legal Permanent Residency (LPR).
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">The bipartisan Congressional Research Service (CRS), an independent research wing of Congress, said if the per-country cap for employment-based immigrants was removed, many expects that Indian and Chinese nationals would dominate the flow of new employment-based LPRs for as many years as needed to clear out the accumulated queue of prospective immigrants from those countries.
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">This queue would include those with approved employment-based immigrant petitions waiting to file either a visa .. </span></span></div>
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">The CRS regularly prepares reports on various issues for the lawmakers to take informed decisions. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">A copy of the report 'Permanent Employment-Based Immigration and the Per-country Ceiling' dated December 21 was made available to PTI, ahead of the new Congress beginning January 3, wherein several lawmakers are planning to introduce a legislation to eliminate per-country quota for issuing Green Cards to foreign nationals. </span><br />
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">As of April 2018, a total of 306,601 Indian nationals – mostly IT professionals – were waiting in line for Green Cards, according to the USCIS figures. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Indians constitute 78 per cent of the 395,025 foreign nationals waiting for Green Cards in just one category of employment-based LPR applications.
</span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Due to the cap, the current wait period for the majority of Indians to get a Green Card is nine and half years, the CRS said, adding this could increase or decrease further depending on the number of new applications every year. India is followed by China with 67,031 in line for Green Cards.
</span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Lawmakers favouring eliminating the per-country cap contend that such circumstances effectively encourage employers to sponsor prospective employment-based immigrants primarily from India.
</span></span></span><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Proponents argue that removing the per-country ceiling from employment-based immigrants would "level the playing field" by making immigrants from all countries more equally attractive to employers, the CRS said. </span></span></div>
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">According to the CRS, eliminating the per-country ceiling would reduce certain queues of prospective immigrants more quickly, and remove the perceived employer incentive to choose nationals from these countries over other countries. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">"Shorter wait times for LPR status might actually incentivise greater numbers of nationals from India, China and the Philippines to seek employment-based LPR status. If that were to occur, the reduction in the number of approved petitions pending might be short-lived.
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">"A handful of countries could conceivably dominate employment-based immigration, possibly benefitting certain industries that employ foreign workers from those countries, at the expense of foreign workers from other countries and other industries that might employ them," the CRS said. </span><br />
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></span></div>
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Because the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) grants LPRs the ability to sponsor family members through its family-sponsorship provisions, removing the per-country ceiling would alter, to an unknown extent, the country-of-origin composition of subsequent family-based immigrants acquiring LPR status each year, it said. </span></div>
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Changes in the country's demographic profile tilted towards people from one part of the world, was one of the prime reasons for the current per country quota. This, on the other hand, restricts the flow of the best talented foreign workers.
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">The INA allocates 140,000 visas annually for all five employment-based LPR categories, roughly 12 per cent of the 1.1 million LPRs admitted in fiscal 2017. It further limits each immigrant-sending country to an annual maximum of seven per cent of all employment-based LPR admissions, known as the per-country ceiling, or "cap". </span></span></span><br />
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span></span><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Two popular employment-based pools of foreign nationals, who have been approved as employment-based immigrants but must wait for statutorily limited visa numbers, totalled in excess of 900,000 as of mid-2018. Most originate from India, followed by China and the Philippines, the CRS said.
</span></span></span><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Some employers maintain that they continue to need skilled foreign workers to remain internationally competitive and to keep their firms in the US, it said. </span></span></div>
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<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /></span></div>
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span></span><span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Proponents of increasing employment-based immigration levels argue it is vital for economic growth. Opponents cite the lack of compelling evidence of labour shortages and argue that the presence of foreign workers can negatively impact wages and working conditions in the US, the CRS said.
</span><br />
<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">"Some argue that eliminating the per-country ceiling would increase the flow of high-skilled immigrants from countries such as India and China, who are often employed in the US technology sector, without increasing the total annual admission of employment-based LPRs," it added.
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<span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" />
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<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: white;"><a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/visa-and-immigration/ending-country-cap-in-green-cards-may-allow-india-china-to-dominate-path-to-us-citizenship-report/articleshow/67346383.cms?from=mdr">View at the original source</a></span></b></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-92170758410121027152019-06-20T20:06:00.000-07:002019-06-20T20:06:23.735-07:00AI analyzes language to predict schizophrenia 06-21<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">AI analyzes language to predict schizophrenia.....</span><br />
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><span style="background-color: black;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.22; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">A machine learning method found out a hidden clue in people’s language that can predict psychosis episodes. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9zRZYm-0MaYYDYXqDGSrmxRS3RtFvkRujkU7Thyphenhyphennru3kLSOsuQtPB_jWvx3rH2vG534I7GUFu9Jsax904N4s_eeHdlypl1SG8jweQsEeJhsHTxWXbjEzik12Ibdz-E3kfVt1bydT3iM/s1600/1_cvg3CD0hvN6a5AzTcTLbuQ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1209" data-original-width="1600" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9zRZYm-0MaYYDYXqDGSrmxRS3RtFvkRujkU7Thyphenhyphennru3kLSOsuQtPB_jWvx3rH2vG534I7GUFu9Jsax904N4s_eeHdlypl1SG8jweQsEeJhsHTxWXbjEzik12Ibdz-E3kfVt1bydT3iM/s640/1_cvg3CD0hvN6a5AzTcTLbuQ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--hasDropCapModel graf--hasDropCap graf-after--figure" id="6d15" name="6d15" style="clear: left; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; margin: 38px 0px 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span class="graf-dropCap" style="display: block; float: left; font-family: , "quot"; font-size: 72px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.03em; line-height: 0.83; margin-bottom: -0.08em; margin-left: -5px; margin-right: 7px; padding-top: 6px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br /></span><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">A machine learning method uncovered a hidden clue in people’s language predictive of the later manifestation of psychosis: the frequent use of words associated with sound. A paper published by the journal <em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: &quot;">npj Schizophrenia</em> released the findings by scientists from Emory University and Harvard </span><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">University.</span></div>
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Hidden details</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The researchers developed a new machine-learning methodology to more precisely quantify the semantic richness of people’s conversational language (a known indicator for psychosis). Their results indicated that automated analysis of the two language variables (more frequent use of words associated with sound and speaking with low semantic density, or vagueness) can predict if an at-risk person will later develop psychosis with an impressive 93 percent accuracy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: , "georgia" , "cambria" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Trained clinicians had not noticed how individuals at risk for psychosis use more words associated with sound than the average population, though abnormal auditory perception is a pre-clinical symptom.</span></div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf-after--h3" id="a15a" name="a15a" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; margin: 8px 0px 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.68); display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: medium-content-sans-serif-font,"Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Sans",Geneva,Arial,sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "liga" 1, "lnum" 1; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.4; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">“Voices: Living with Schizophrenia” by WebMD, YouTube.</span><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C7Jl9_59tfY?controls=0" width="560"></iframe>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Machine learning can spot patterns in people’s use of language that even doctors who have undergone training to diagnose and treat those at risk of psychosis may not notice. “Trying to hear these subtleties in conversations with people is like trying to see microscopic germs with your eyes,” says first study author Neguine Rezaii, a fellow in the Department of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. That being said, it is possible to use machine learning to find subtle patterns hiding in people’s language. “It’s like a microscope for warning signs of psychosis,” she adds. Rezaii started working on the study while she was a resident in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Emory University School of Medicine.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“Trying to hear these subtleties in conversations with people is like trying to see microscopic germs with your eyes,” Neguine Rezaii, fellow in the Department of Neurology at Harvard Medical School.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: small;">Behind the data</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Researchers first used machine learning to establish “norms” for conversational language. They fed a computer software program the online </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">conversations of 30,000 users of Reddit, a popular social media platform where people have informal discussions about a wide array of sujects. The software program, known as Word2Vec, utilizes an algorithm to change individual words to vectors, assigning each one a location in a semantic space based on its meaning. Such with similar meanings are positioned closer together than those with different meanings.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">They also developed a computer program to perform “vector unpacking,” or analysis of the semantic density of word usage. Previous work has measured semantic coherence between sentences. Vector unpacking enabled the researchers to quantify how much information was packed into each sentence. After generating a baseline of “normal” data, the researchers applied the same techniques to diagnostic interviews of 40 participants that had been conducted by trained clinicians, as part of the multi-site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS), funded by the National <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: medium-content-serif-font,Georgia,Cambria,"Times New Roman",Times,serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Institutes of Health. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: medium-content-serif-font,Georgia,Cambria,"Times New Roman",Times,serif; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: medium-content-slab-serif-font,Georgia,Cambria,"Times New Roman",Times,serif; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.48; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Vector unpacking enabled the researchers to quantify how much information was packed into each sentence.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: medium-content-serif-font,Georgia,Cambria,"Times New Roman",Times,serif; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><div class="graf graf--p graf-after--pullquote" id="eba3" name="eba3" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; margin: 54px 0px 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The automated analyses of the participant samples were then compared to the normal baseline sample and the longitudinal data on whether the participants converted to psychosis.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><strong class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;"><em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: &quot;">"This research is interesting not just for its potential to reveal more about mental illness, but for understanding how the mind works” concludes senior author Phillip Wolff</em></strong>,<strong class="markup--strong markup--p-strong" style="font-weight: 700;"><em class="markup--em markup--p-em" style="font-feature-settings: &quot;"> a professor of psychology at Emory.</em></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84); display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: medium-content-serif-font,Georgia,Cambria,"Times New Roman",Times,serif; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.58; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://medium.com/artificial-intelligence-network/ai-analyzes-language-to-predict-schizophrenia-91f92f5f16a3">View at the original source</a></span></b></span></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-36868743560946461072019-04-10T04:51:00.003-07:002019-05-25T02:37:12.793-07:00An unexpected connection between insulin receptor and gene expression opens new doors 04-10<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> The discovery of insulin in the 1920s marked the breakthrough in the almost 3,500-year-long mystery of diabetes, a disease first described in ancient Egyptian papyruses.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Until its discovery, physicians struggled to explain how symptoms such as sugary urine, constant thirst and frequent urination could lead to ailments ranging from blindness and nerve damage to coma and death.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Over the past century, scientists have detailed the hormone’s central role as a regulator of blood sugar, mapped its cell-signaling pathways and established its involvement in diabetes and a staggering array of other chronic conditions, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Still, many aspects of insulin signaling remain unclear, particularly its long-term effects on cells, and there are currently no effective cures for the hundreds of millions of people around the world living with diabetes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Now, researchers from Harvard Medical School have made key new insights into the molecular behavior of insulin. Reporting online in <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30213-2" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100% 1px; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; padding-bottom: 3px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; transition: 0.3s;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic; line-height: inherit;">Cell</em> </a>on April 4, they describe an unexpected mechanism by which insulin triggers changes to the expression of thousands of genes throughout the genome.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Their analyses show that the insulin receptor—a protein complex at the cell surface—physically relocates to the cell nucleus after it detects and binds insulin. Once there, it helps initiate the expression of genes involved in insulin-related functions and diseases. This process was impaired in mice with insulin resistance.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The results outline a set of potential therapeutic targets for insulin-related diseases and establish a wide range of future avenues of research on insulin signaling, including potential clues toward the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“Our findings open the door for a new field of study on the insulin receptor, a remarkable protein complex expressed in almost all cells and implicated in major chronic diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people,” said senior study author <a href="https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/41314" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100% 1px; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; padding-bottom: 3px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; transition: 0.3s;">John Flanagan</a>, professor of cell biology at HMS.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of how cells work can help us design new drugs or improve existing ones, and the insulin receptor certainly has potential for tremendous returns on investment,” Flanagan added.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Produced by specialized cells in the pancreas, the hormone insulin serves as the main signal to cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream and begin the production and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. This process is essential for normal cell function, growth and nutrient storage.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Dysfunctions in insulin signaling give rise to a number of serious chronic diseases. In type 1 diabetes, pancreatic cells fail to produce enough insulin, and in type 2 diabetes—the far more common form of the condition—cells become resistant to insulin. Without proper insulin signaling, glucose accumulates in the blood where it damages tissues and organs. Insulin resistance has also been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and excessive insulin signaling contributes to a variety of cancers.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Strange bedfellows</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Flanagan and colleagues were broadly interested in studying how cell surface receptors communicate with the interior of a cell and performed screens to identify proteins associated with the insulin receptor.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Their experiments suggested that one of the most prominent such proteins is RNA polymerase, an enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA—the first step in gene expression.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">This was unexpected, said Flanagan, because RNA polymerase functions inside the nucleus of a cell—far away from surface of the cell where the insulin receptor is located. Additional analyses revealed an unexpected explanation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The team found that after the insulin receptor binds insulin, it moves from the cell surface to the nucleus via a yet unidentified mechanism. Once there, it binds to RNA polymerase on chromatin—the protein-DNA complex that cells use to store their genomes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">A genome-wide search revealed around 4,000 genomic regions where the insulin receptor bound with a degree of specificity that essentially makes random chance impossible. The striking majority of these sites were at promoters—sequences of DNA that initiate the expression of genes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">A high proportion of targeted genes were involved in insulin-related functions, particularly the synthesis and storage of lipids and proteins. Certain subsets of genes appeared to be unique to different tissue types. The analyses also identified numerous disease-related genes, including ones linked with diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Lipid paradox </span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Counterintuitively, the researchers found the insulin receptor does not specifically target genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism—one of the primary functions of insulin signaling.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">This was an intriguing result for many reasons, Flanagan said, particularly because of the observed differences between the two major forms of diabetes. Both types involve problems with carbohydrate synthesis and storage. However, if left untreated, patients with type 1 diabetes lose weight, while type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“The excessive lipid storage seen in type 2 diabetes compared with type 1 is a bit of a paradox because disrupted insulin signaling should cause issues with both lipid synthesis and storage in either condition,” he said.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“The finding that genes downstream of the pathway we identified are involved in lipid metabolism but not carbohydrate metabolism potentially gives us a window into that differential effect between carbohydrate and lipid,” Flanagan said. “But we won’t know until we perform further experiments.” </span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">New paths</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The researchers made a number of other insights on how the insulin receptor regulates genes.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="background-color: black; box-sizing: inherit; color: white;">They identified several additional proteins that play a role in this process. One of particular interest was HCF-1 (host cell factor-1), which is expressed in all cells and is involved in regulating cell cycle and growth. It appears to play a critical role in recruiting the insulin receptor and other proteins to the location of a promoter to initiate gene activation. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The team also studied the effects of insulin resistance on this pathway. Giving mice glucose to trigger a rise in blood insulin led to an increase in insulin receptor-chromatin binding. Mice with insulin-resistance, however, showed 30-fold reduction in receptor-chromatin binding, an observation that suggests a high degree of sensitivity to insulin resistance.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">While the insulin receptor has been studied intensely for decades, these findings represent a new pathway for insulin signaling function and shed light on potential mechanisms for the long-term effects of insulin in the body.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Intriguingly, as far back as the 1970s, scientists had clues that the insulin receptor and other members of the same class of cell surface receptors, known as receptor tyrosine kinases, can be found within the cell nucleus. These observations remained poorly understood, and the process behind them never fully described.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The identification of this pathway opens new avenues of investigation into the insulin receptor and other receptor tyrosine kinases, which function as key “on” or “off” switches for a wide range of important cellular processes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“We were surprised to find such strong evidence that the entire insulin receptor complex moves to the nucleus, and we were initially very skeptical,” Flanagan said. “We still don’t know how exactly this happens, but we’ve pinned down the details of much of this process on a genome-wide scale.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“A better understanding will help us improve our knowledge of the biology of insulin signaling in health and in disease, as well as other receptor tyrosine kinases, which are attractive targets for drug therapies due to their involvement in such a broad range of diseases,” Flanagan added.</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://hms.harvard.edu/news/insulin-insights?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=hms-twitter-general&hootPostID=d08f57218292fc530868945adb71b1da">View at the original source</a></span></b> </div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-18777531391806185932019-03-23T20:30:00.000-07:002019-03-23T21:24:35.990-07:00Guiding Students to Apply What They Learn 03 - 24<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"> My school has been encouraging the use of project-based learning (PBL) for many years, but the math department—which I’m part of—was very slow to adopt it. I bought into myths about PBL—that it takes too long, that it’s hard to assess, etc.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">I wasn’t opposed to all innovations: I flipped my classroom. I allowed my students to move at their own pace. I was the first in my school to adopt a competency-based approach in my class.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">But while my students were mastering individual mathematical skills, they were missing the big picture. My assessments were well aligned to the practice work and the standards, but they rarely asked students to transfer and apply their knowledge. These assessments gave me clear information about a standard on its own but not about my students’ ability to problem-solve and think critically.</span></div>
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Why I Chose PBL</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">I needed an authentic assessment that would ask students to use their skills outside the context of my class, and it seemed that PBL would help my students transfer their knowledge. And I thought that PBL could challenge my students in a way that I had never challenged them before by requiring creativity, grit, and real problem-solving.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">I knew that some of my students were also taking psychology and that statistics has countless applications in that field, so I approached the psychology teacher. We began by comparing our standards to see where we might collaborate. We found that one of the Common Core math standards, “Recognize the purposes of and differences among sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain how randomization relates to each,” was similar to one of the psychology standards.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Next we broke down the standard to come up with a task. The students would need to design both a survey and an observational study that would answer research questions they would design themselves. They would need to explain how they used randomization to select samples.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">We also needed to ensure that the task would be authentic. The psychology teacher had a connection at the local elementary school, so we decided that our students would design their research questions around things that could be observed there.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">So we had our authentic task: “What would you like to learn about the state of elementary education today? What can you learn about the patterns and behaviors of elementary school students through observation and data analysis?”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Students spent two weeks planning for a day of observations at the elementary school, and they wrote survey questions. They had to gather analyzable data on variables of their own choosing, and then they had to report objective findings.</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><a href="https://www.edutopia.org/article/guiding-students-apply-what-they-learn"><span style="background-color: yellow;">View at the original source</span></a></span></b></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-32176187951241486322018-12-26T19:39:00.000-08:002018-12-26T19:47:37.386-08:00Good genes are nice, but joy is better 12-27<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Second in an occasional series on how Harvard researchers are tackling the problematic issues of aging.</span></em></div>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span class="initial-cap" style="box-sizing: border-box;">W</span>hen scientists began tracking the health of 268 Harvard sophomores in 1938 during the Great Depression, they hoped the longitudinal study would reveal clues to leading healthy and happy lives.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">They got more than they wanted. </span></div>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"> <span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "nocturno"; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">After following the surviving Crimson men for nearly 80 years as part of the </span>Harvard Study of Adult Development<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "nocturno"; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">, one of the world’s longest studies of adult life, researchers have collected a cornucopia of data on their physical and mental health.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Of the original Harvard cohort recruited as part of the Grant Study, only 19 are still alive, all in their mid-90s. Among the original recruits were eventual President John F. Kennedy and longtime Washington Post editor Ben Bradlee. (Women weren’t in the original study because the College was still all male.)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In addition, scientists eventually expanded their research to include the men’s offspring, who now number 1,300 and are in their 50s and 60s, to find out how early-life experiences affect health and aging over time. Some participants went on to become successful businessmen, doctors, lawyers, and others ended up as schizophrenics or alcoholics, but not on inevitable tracks.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">During the intervening decades, the control groups have expanded. In the 1970s, 456 Boston inner-city residents were enlisted as part of the Glueck Study, and 40 of them are still alive. More than a decade ago, researchers began including wives in the Grant and Glueck studies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Over the years, researchers have studied the participants’ health trajectories and their broader lives, including their triumphs and failures in careers and marriage, and the finding have produced startling lessons, and not only for the researchers.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“The surprising finding is that our relationships and how happy we are in our relationships has a powerful influence on our health,” said Robert Waldinger, director of the study, a psychiatrist at Massachusetts General Hospital and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “Taking care of your body is important, but tending to your relationships is a form of self-care too. That, I think, is the revelation.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Close relationships, more than money or fame, are what keep people happy throughout their lives, the study revealed. Those ties protect people from life’s discontents, help to delay mental and physical decline, and are better predictors of long and happy lives than social class, IQ, or even genes. That finding proved true across the board among both the Harvard men and the inner-city participants.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The long-term research has received funding from private foundations, but has been financed largely by grants from the National Institutes of Health, first through the National Institute of Mental Health, and more recently through the National Institute on Aging.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Researchers who have pored through data, including vast medical records and hundreds of in-person interviews and questionnaires, found a strong correlation between men’s flourishing lives and their relationships with family, friends, and community. Several studies found that people’s level of satisfaction with their relationships at age 50 was a better predictor of physical health than their cholesterol levels were.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“When we gathered together everything we knew about them about at age 50, it wasn’t their middle-age cholesterol levels that predicted how they were going to grow old,” said Waldinger in a popular TED Talk. “It was how satisfied they were in their relationships. The people who were the most satisfied in their relationships at age 50 were the healthiest at age 80.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">He recorded his TED talk, titled “What Makes a Good Life? Lessons from the Longest Study on Happiness,” in 2015, and it has been viewed 13,000,000 times.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The researchers also found that marital satisfaction has a protective effect on people’s mental health. Part of a study found that people who had happy marriages in their 80s reported that their moods didn’t suffer even on the days when they had more physical pain. Those who had unhappy marriages felt both more emotional and physical pain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Those who kept warm relationships got to live longer and happier, said Waldinger, and the loners often died earlier. “Loneliness kills,” he said. “It’s as powerful as smoking or alcoholism.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">According to the study, those who lived longer and enjoyed sound health avoided smoking and alcohol in excess. Researchers also found that those with strong social support experienced less mental deterioration as they aged.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In part of a recent study, researchers found that women who felt securely attached to their partners were less depressed and more happy in their relationships two-and-a-half years later, and also had better memory functions than those with frequent marital conflicts.</span></div>
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<b>“Loneliness kills. It’s as powerful as smoking or alcoholism.”</b></div>
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— Robert Waldinger</div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“Good relationships don’t just protect our bodies; they protect our brains,” said Waldinger in his TED talk. “And those good relationships, they don’t have to be smooth all the time. Some of our octogenarian couples could bicker with each other day in and day out, but as long as they felt that they could really count on the other when the going got tough, those arguments didn’t take a toll on their memories.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Since aging starts at birth, people should start taking care of themselves at every stage of life, the researchers say.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“Aging is a continuous process,” Waldinger said. “You can see how people can start to differ in their health trajectory in their 30s, so that by taking good care of yourself early in life you can set yourself on a better course for aging. The best advice I can give is ‘Take care of your body as though you were going to need it for 100 years,’ because you might.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The study, like its remaining original subjects, has had a long life, spanning four directors, whose tenures reflected their medical interests and views of the time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Under the first director, Clark Heath, who stayed from 1938 until 1954, the study mirrored the era’s dominant view of genetics and biological determinism. Early researchers believed that physical constitution, intellectual ability, and personality traits determined adult development. They made detailed anthropometric measurements of skulls, brow bridges, and moles, wrote in-depth notes on the functioning of major organs, examined brain activity through electroencephalograms, and even analyzed the men’s handwriting.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Now, researchers draw men’s blood for DNA testing and put them into MRI scanners to examine organs and tissues in their bodies, procedures that would have sounded like science fiction back in 1938. In that sense, the study itself represents a history of the changes that life brings.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Psychiatrist George Vaillant, who joined the team as a researcher in 1966, led the study from 1972 until 2004. Trained as a psychoanalyst, Vaillant emphasized the role of relationships, and came to recognize the crucial role they played in people living long and pleasant lives.</span></div>
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<b>“When the study began, nobody cared about empathy or attachment. But the key to healthy aging is relationships, relationships, relationships.”</b></div>
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— George Vaillant</div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In a book called “Aging Well,” Vaillant wrote that six factors predicted healthy aging for the Harvard men: physical activity, absence of alcohol abuse and smoking, having mature mechanisms to cope with life’s ups and downs, and enjoying both a healthy weight and a stable marriage. For the inner-city men, education was an additional factor. “The more education the inner city men obtained,” wrote Vaillant, “the more likely they were to stop smoking, eat sensibly, and use alcohol in moderation.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Vaillant’s research highlighted the role of these protective factors in healthy aging. The more factors the subjects had in place, the better the odds they had for longer, happier lives.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“When the study began, nobody cared about empathy or attachment,” said Vaillant. “But the key to healthy aging is relationships, relationships, relationships.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The study showed that the role of genetics and long-lived ancestors proved less important to longevity than the level of satisfaction with relationships in midlife, now recognized as a good predictor of healthy aging. The research also debunked the idea that people’s personalities “set like plaster” by age 30 and cannot be changed.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“Those who were clearly train wrecks when they were in their 20s or 25s turned out to be wonderful octogenarians,” he said. “On the other hand, alcoholism and major depression could take people who started life as stars and leave them at the end of their lives as train wrecks.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The study’s fourth director, Waldinger has expanded research to the wives and children of the original men. That is the second-generation study, and Waldinger hopes to expand it into the third and fourth generations. “It will probably never be replicated,” he said of the lengthy research, adding that there is yet more to learn.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“We’re trying to see how people manage stress, whether their bodies are in a sort of chronic ‘fight or flight’ mode,” Waldinger said. “We want to find out how it is that a difficult childhood reaches across decades to break down the body in middle age and later.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Lara Tang ’18, a human and evolutionary biology concentrator who recently joined the team as a research assistant, relishes the opportunity to help find some of those answers. She joined the effort after coming across Waldinger’s TED talk in one of her classes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“That motivated me to do more research on adult development,” said Tang. “I want to see how childhood experiences affect developments of physical health, mental health, and happiness later in life.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Asked what lessons he has learned from the study, Waldinger, who is a Zen priest, said he practices meditation daily and invests time and energy in his relationships, more than before.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“It’s easy to get isolated, to get caught up in work and not remembering, ‘Oh, I haven’t seen these friends in a long time,’ ” Waldinger said. “So I try to pay more attention to my relationships than I used to.”</span></div>
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<b><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/04/over-nearly-80-years-harvard-study-has-been-showing-how-to-live-a-healthy-and-happy-life/"><span style="background-color: yellow;">View at the original source </span></a></b></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-69841506269833097272018-12-24T03:14:00.002-08:002018-12-24T03:14:38.419-08:00When love and science double date 24-12<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: black; color: yellow; display: inline; float: none; font-size: 28px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 38.5px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_pO-A5ourUbOX-srgYkZC8M7M4NTy3zhDLRGg5oLP_WrgoAhGJWm04WP6qvkrLZLHKWFxvk9LWg-t4gQhQCPYot3iIZ7pxOR_lu9b1Ls2hBYDvG1MIrXDz2q2CQqyJc3fo1Jh1L6ZqII/s1600/lovepsych.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_pO-A5ourUbOX-srgYkZC8M7M4NTy3zhDLRGg5oLP_WrgoAhGJWm04WP6qvkrLZLHKWFxvk9LWg-t4gQhQCPYot3iIZ7pxOR_lu9b1Ls2hBYDvG1MIrXDz2q2CQqyJc3fo1Jh1L6ZqII/s640/lovepsych.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: black; color: yellow; display: inline; float: none; font-size: 28px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 38.5px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: black; color: yellow; display: inline; float: none; font-size: 28px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 38.5px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> Sure, your heart thumps, but let’s look at what’s happening physically and psychologically....</span></span></b><br />
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<div class="add-drop-cap" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30.4px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; min-height: 80.75px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: yellow; display: inline; float: none; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 38.5px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><b>Love’s warm squishiness seems a thing far removed from the cold, hard reality of science. Yet the two do meet, whether in lab tests for surging hormones or in austere chambers where MRI scanners noisily thunk and peer into brains that ignite at glimpses of their soulmates.</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">When it comes to thinking deeply about love, poets, philosophers, and even high school boys gazing dreamily at girls two rows over have a significant head start on science. But the field is gamely racing to catch up.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">One database of scientific publications turns up more than 6,600 pages of results in a search for the word “love.” The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is conducting 18 clinical trials on it (though, like love itself, NIH’s “love” can have layered meanings, including as an acronym for a study of Crohn’s disease). Though not normally considered an intestinal ailment, love is often described as an illness, and the smitten as lovesick. Comedian George Burns once described love as something like a backache: “It doesn’t show up on X-rays, but you know it’s there.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Richard Schwartz<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">, associate professor </span>of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and a consultant to McLean and Massachusetts General (MGH) hospitals, says it’s never been proven that love makes you physically sick, though it does raise levels of cortisol, a stress hormone that has been shown to suppress immune function.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Love also turns on the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is known to stimulate the brain’s pleasure centers. Couple that with a drop in levels of serotonin — which adds a dash of obsession — and you have the crazy, pleasing, stupefied, urgent love of infatuation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">It’s also true, Schwartz said, that like the moon — a trigger of its own legendary form of madness — love has its phases.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">“It’s fairly complex, and we only know a little about it,” Schwartz said. “There are different phases and moods of love. The early phase of love is quite different” from later phases.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">During the first love-year, serotonin levels gradually return to normal, and the “stupid” and “obsessive” aspects of the condition moderate. That period is followed by increases in the hormone oxytocin, a neurotransmitter associated with a calmer, more mature form of love. The oxytocin helps cement bonds, raise immune function, and begin to confer the health benefits found in married couples, who tend to live longer, have fewer strokes and heart attacks, be less depressed, and have higher survival rates from major surgery and cancer.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Schwartz has built a career around studying the love, hate, indifference, and other emotions that mark our complex relationships. And, though science is learning more in the lab than ever before, he said he still has learned far more counseling couples. His wife and sometime collaborator, Jacqueline Olds, also an associate professor of psychiatry at HMS and a consultant to McLean and MGH, agrees.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Love also turns on the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is known to stimulate the brain’s pleasure centers. Couple that with a drop in levels of serotonin — which adds a dash of obsession — and you have the crazy, pleasing, stupefied, urgent love of infatuation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">It’s also true, Schwartz said, that like the moon — a trigger of its own legendary form of madness — love has its phases.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">“It’s fairly complex, and we only know a little about it,” Schwartz said. “There are different phases and moods of love. The early phase of love is quite different” from later phases.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">During the first love-year, serotonin levels gradually return to normal, and the “stupid” and “obsessive” aspects of the condition moderate. That period is followed by increases in the hormone oxytocin, a neurotransmitter associated with a calmer, more mature form of love. The oxytocin helps cement bonds, raise immune function, and begin to confer the health benefits found in married couples, who tend to live longer, have fewer strokes and heart attacks, be less depressed, and have higher survival rates from major surgery and cancer.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Schwartz has built a career around studying the love, hate, indifference, and other emotions that mark our complex relationships. And, though science is learning more in the lab than ever before, he said he still has learned far more counseling couples. His wife and sometime collaborator, Jacqueline Olds, also an associate professor of psychiatry at HMS and a consultant to McLean and MGH, agrees. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> <b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/02/scientists-find-a-few-surprises-in-their-study-of-love/?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=hu-linkedinuniversity-general&utm_source=linkedin">View at the original source </a></span></b></span></span></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-45948264829578075092018-12-18T01:25:00.003-08:002018-12-18T01:31:26.687-08:00Brain on Fire: Widespread Neuroinflammation Found in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 12-17<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 16.6px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neuroinflammation, Fatigue and Pain Lab Stop</span></h2>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>We were having a case of déjà vu as we drove around the surprisingly large campus. Getting into the NIH to see Avindra Nath had been a nightmare. It turned out that the NIH would only allow the big van through one access point and we’d ended up mortifyingly late to our appointment. Now here we were in another big campus with what my partner felt were inadequate directions. </b></span></div>
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<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b> </b><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I thought Jarred and I had it going, though. He said he would meet us at the parking lot and let us through the gate, but there were lots of parking lots. Plus, because we couldn’t stop, we had to keep driving around the campus and hope we met up with him at the right parking lot at the right time. It did seem a little dicey but I was confident I’d figured it out.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>My partner, though, wasn’t having it with the sketchy directions or the reliance on male directional genes. She could see it happening – we were going to be late again.</b></span></span></div>
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<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>“Men,” she said, “how do you ever get anything done?”</b></span></span></div>
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<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>As it turned out, Jarred and I were in sync: we both showed up at the gate at about the same time and he led us into his surprisingly large facility. Once again, we forgot to take pictures, but our timing couldn’t have been better; Younger had just wrapped up one of the most exciting studies in memory.</b></span></span></div>
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<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>But first a little history…</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b> </b><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neuroinflammation – The Japanese Way</span></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Researchers have thought for decades that neuroinflammation is probably present in chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), but it’s only recently that the technology has been able to pick up the lower levels of neuroinflammation believed present in diseases like ME/CFS and fibromyalgia. The Japanese were the first to take a crack at it. </b></span></div>
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b> </b><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They have long believed that inflammation produces central fatigue (fatigue emanating from the brain), which plays a major role in ME/CFS. In 2013, Watanabe proposed that inflammation in the brain was whacking the “facilitation system” which pops up when we are fatigued to boost signals from the motor cortex to keep our muscles moving. He also hypothesized that an inhibition system was turning up the fatigue in ME/CFS.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>A 2016 study rounded the circle when it found evidence of reduced dopaminergic activity from a part of the brain (the basal ganglia) which activates the motor cortex. That fit in just fine with Miller’s results, which suggested that problems with the basal ganglia could be producing both the fatigue and the motor activity problems in ME/CFS.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The big breakthrough came in 2014 when the Japanese startled just about everyone with a PET scan study which found </span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">widespread neuroinflammation</span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> in the brains of ME/CFS patients. The study was small (n=19) but the findings appeared strong. </span></span></span></b></div>
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<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
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<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>The neuroinflammation was widespread but was highest in the areas of the brain (thalamus, amygdala, midbrain, hippocampus) that had shown up in ME/CFS before. Plus, the Japanese were able to link specific regions of inflammation to specific symptoms. Inflammation in the thalamus was associated with cognitive impairment, fatigue and pain; inflammation in the amygdala was associated with cognitive issues; and inflammation of the hippocampus was associated with depression.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anthony Komaroff called the findings the most exciting in decades. The Japanese began a much larger </span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(n=120) neuroinflammation study</span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. This year they published </span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a large number of papers</span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> on ME/CFS in the Japanese Journal, “Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo” (Brain and Nerve). One of the papers was specifically on neuroinflammation but the findings have not yet been published in English journals.</span></span></span></b></div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 16.6px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neuroinflammation – The Younger Way</span></h2>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jarred Younger – who runs the </span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neuroinflammation, Pain and Fatigue Lab</span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> at the University of Alabama at Birmingham has also long believed that neuroinflammation plays a major role in chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM).</span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>In 2015, he noted what a hot subject neuroinflammation had become. Seven years ago, he said, there was almost nothing on the microglia at the pain conferences. Now they’re loaded with presentations on microglia.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>These immune cells are sensitive to so many factors and can be triggered in so many ways that virtually any stressor, from an infection to toxins to psychological stress, can potentially trigger a state of microglial sensitization in the right individual. With their ability to produce dozens of different inflammatory mediators, Younger believes that the difference between ME/CFS and FM could simply come down to small differences in how the microglia are tweaked.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Both diseases could be triggered by high rates of immune activation which, over time, sensitizes the microglia to such an extent that they start pumping out inflammatory factors at the first sign of a stressor.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
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<div class="et_post_video" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: #141414; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="-ms-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: invert; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="SLj6zt3xvm" frameborder="0" height="272" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" sandbox="allow-scripts" scrolling="no" security="restricted" src="https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2015/07/15/the-neuroinflammation-man-jarred-younger-on-inflammation-fibromyalgia-and-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/embed/#?secret=SLj6zt3xvm" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 750.6px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="“The Neuroinflammation Man: Jarred Younger on Inflammation, Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome” — Health Rising" width="95%"></iframe></b></span></span></span><span my="my" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: invert; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: invert; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: invert; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
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<h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 16.6px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">New Non-Invasive Technique</span></span></span></span></h2>
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Younger had just finished up his ME/CFS brain thermometry study. He used a new, less invasive way of assessing the brain called magnetic resonance spectroscopic thermometry (MRSt). The technique, which aims to create a thermometer for the brain, uses a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. While Younger was assessing the temperature of the brain, he was also examining its chemical makeup.</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_45103" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; float: right; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; max-width: 720.57px; outline: 0px; padding: 4px 8px 8px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; width: 360px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2018/09/24/widespread-neuroinflammation-found-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-me-cfs/temperature_gauge/" rel="attachment wp-att-45103" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img alt="taking temperature of the brain" class="size-full wp-image-45103" height="319" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" src="https://hrzone-healthrising.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Temperature_gauge.jpg" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; height: 311.7px; margin: 0px; max-width: 342px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="350" /></span></b></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 5px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Using temperature as a measure of inflammation, Younger is taking the temperature of the brain.</b></span></div>
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<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>My partner asked him how he glommed onto the heat mapping idea? It turned out that Younger had been trying for quite some time to find a non-invasive way to assess neuroinflammation. He needed a technique he could safely use again and again in his longitudinal (Good Day/Bad Day) studies.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>None of the present techniques, however, fit the bill; they were all heavily invasive. The PET scan approach uses radiation to image the brain. Another approach using magnetized nano particles is supposed to be safe but it still requires putting little bits of metal into peoples’ brains…</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>After hitting several dead ends, he hypothesized that because inflammation produces temperature increases, he could try and create a heat map of the brain. Looking through the literature, he realized that thermometry was already being used in the brain to assess stroke and cancer patients. It turns out that the brain’s attempts to repair the damage from stroke and cancer results in huge temperature increases. The stroke and cancer researchers, though, were just focused on small areas of the brain.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<b><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Because Younger didn’t know exactly where in the brain to search in ME/CFS, that technique wouldn’t work for him. He had to develop a method that would produce a heat map and a chemical signature </span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">of the entire brain</span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, and found a Florida researcher who developed a way to do that.</span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>With this technique, it takes just 20 minutes in the machine to get an entire 3-D heat and chemistry map of an ME/CFS patient’s brain. After The Solve ME/CFS Initiative (SMCI) provided funding, he got to work and ultimately scanned the brains of 15 ME/CFS women and 15 age and sex matched healthy controls.</b></span></div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 16.6px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Widespread Neuroinflammation Found in ME/CFS Patients’ Brains</span></h2>
<blockquote style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-color: rgb(46, 163, 242); border-style: none none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; quotes: none; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>“The markers were truly elevated” Jarred Younger</b></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>It turned out that Younger’s brain-wide search technique was right on. Looking at single areas of the brain in ME/CFS patients would have produced misleading data. It turned out there was no single area or even a group of areas in the brain that were abnormal in ME/CFS: most of the brain was.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Younger found lactate – a product of anaerobic metabolism – widely distributed across the brains of people with ME/CFS. He opened a chart showing an amazing array of lactate-engorged brain regions. He picked out a few: the insula, hippocampus, thalamus, and putamen, which had particularly high levels. They were virtually the same regions the Japanese had found in their 2015 study. The fact that the temperature increases overlapped with the lactate increases provided further confidence that Younger had identified some key areas.</b></span></div>
<div class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_45107" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; float: right; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px 30px; max-width: 720.57px; outline: 0px; padding: 4px 8px 8px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; width: 385px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2018/09/24/widespread-neuroinflammation-found-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-me-cfs/mri-cingulate_cortex/" rel="attachment wp-att-45107" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><img alt="The cingulate cortex - which Younger called the "seat of suffering" was particularly inflamed" class="wp-image-45107 size-full" height="286" sizes="(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px" src="https://hrzone-healthrising.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/MRI-cingulate_cortex-.jpg" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(51, 102, 153); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; height: 279.89px; margin: 0px; max-width: 367px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="375" /></span></b></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 5px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>The cingulate cortex – which Younger called the “seat of suffering” was particularly inflamed.</b></span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>The interior cingulate cortex, in particular, which Younger called “the seat of suffering” in the brain, showed up in spades. It’s associated with a lot of nasty symptoms (malaise, fatigue and pain) and it’s shown up in both ME/CFS and fibromyalgia studies in the past. The high choline signal in that region of the brain suggested that inflammation there was producing a pattern of destruction and replacement; i.e. quite a bit of damage – even possibly neuronal damage – was happening there.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Overall, the lactate levels weren’t as high as in other diseases – they were just consistently present. Younger didn’t expect to see really high levels; really high lactate levels would have meant irretrievably damaged neurons – the kind of neuronal damage seen in M.S., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s – the kind of neuronal damage that is really hard to reverse. The fact that Younger saw inflammation in ME/CFS but not neuron-destroying inflammation is good news indeed for people with ME/CFS.</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>It’s possible that some damage such as neuronal reprogramming and synaptic pruning could be occurring, but determining that would take an autopsy. (Some groups are collecting ME/CFS brains at a couple of autopsies that have been done.)</b></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<b><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Remarkably, the healthy controls didn’t show evidence of a single analyte such as lactate being elevated or a single area of the brain being heated up. It’s highly unusual to find</span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> zero evidence</span><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> of an abnormality in the healthy controls. Usually the results of studies apply to groups, not individuals; some healthy controls typically will have findings that are similar to the MEC/CFS patients and vice-versa, but not here – the two groups were absolutely distinct. Even though this was a small study, such black/white results strongly suggest that neuroinflammation of the brain is a key element of ME/CFS.</span></span></span></b></div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 16.6px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lactate</span></h2>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Magnetic spectroscopy studies have found increased lactate in the ventricles of the brain in ME/CFS before but not in the brain itself. Shungu’s spectroscopy studies have, in fact, produced some of the most consistent results in all of ME/CFS research. Three times he’s probed the ventricles and three times he’s found increased lactate. Shungu, however, is examining an area just outside of the brain. His findings may indicate inflammation is present in the brain or it could be confined to the cerebral spinal fluid. </b></span></div>
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="background-color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Younger’s new approach looked at the entire brain and found signs of inflammation almost everywhere. When asked what could cause that, Younger said that any neurodegenerative/ neuroinflammatory disorder like MS or a severe brain injury that tweaks the microglia (immune cells in the brain) enough to produce a sustained period of inflammation, burns up the oxygen in the system. Once that happens, the cells resort to anaerobic metabolism and lactate builds up just as it does in the muscles during exercise.</span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">My partner asked another intriguing question. (Thank god </span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">her</span></strong><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> brain was functioning.) What about intervention studies? What about whacking ME/CFS patients with exercise and seeing what happens to their brains? Younger, it turned out, had already laid the groundwork for that study.</span></span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font: 700 20px/24px "quot"; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 16.6px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Therapeutic Implications</span></strong></h2>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Documenting that neuroinflammation is present and is affecting functioning in ME/CFS could have dramatic treatment implications. It could lead the scientific and medical communities to focus less on drugs that target the nervous system and more on ways to reduce inflammation. For example, attempts could be made to modify current anti-inflammatories so that they pass through the blood brain barrier (most do not). Health Rising will focus on some way that might happen in a future blog.</span></div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font: 700 20px/24px "quot"; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 16.6px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fast Mover</span></strong></h2>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Throughout this process, Younger has moved extremely quickly. He completed the thermometry study as quickly as possible, and then as the dramatic results began to come in, rapidly applied for a nice, fat ROI grant from the NIH. The results were so convincing, in fact, that he didn’t wait for them all to come in and applied for the grant using half the data from the study.</span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It’s hard to imagine that that grant application won’t get funded. When it is, Younger will have plenty of money to pursue the neuroinflammation angle further, including challenging ME/CFS patients with exercise – something he’s never done before – and seeing what that does to the inflammation in their brain. It’ll be fascinating to see if it rises, how long the inflammation lasts, how it tracks with post-exertional symptoms, and where it’s most evident.</span></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cause?</span></strong></h2>
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<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Younger speculated that people with ME/CFS have an immune-triggered metabolic disorder. The widespread neuroinflammation provides a clue, he thinks, to what’s going on. That pattern suggests that immune cells are breaching the blood-brain barrier in multiple areas; like a flood overwhelming a dike they’re essentially pouring through gaps across the brain. Why that may be happening he’s not sure, but his next step in ME/CFS is to demonstrate that that’s happening. How he proposes to do that is the subject of the next blog. </b></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span my="my" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: yellow; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(20, 20, 20); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><a href="https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2018/09/24/brain-fire-neuroinflammation-found-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-me-cfs/"> View at original source</a></b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-22265925533886547872018-12-12T22:31:00.002-08:002018-12-13T00:15:03.979-08:00Drones: A predominant technological innovation in Indian construction 12-13<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Technology plays a pivotal role in shaping Indian construction industry. One new-gen technology that is gaining interest in the construction industry is the usage of drones. It is poised to serve as an effective medium towards building smart cities in a cost-effective, faster and safer manner with optimum utilisation of skills and efforts. It is expected that in the next 10 years, the use of drones in construction will register a manifold growth and will play a leading role in futuristic buildings.</div>
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According to a recent industry report, India is one of the fastest growing markets for UAVs and by 2021, the Indian UAV market is expected to reach USD 885.7 million. The usage of drones in the construction industry, has seen a 239% growth year-over-year globally, higher than any other commercial sector. In India too, the growth is set to increase manifold. </div>
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“In the present scenario, it is very crucial for India to realise the aerial revolution that can be brought about by the proper utilisation of drones which have emerged as a highly viable commercial tool globally. As a matter of fact, the most notable sector of economy being benefitted by drones is construction. There’s no denying on the fact that there is an unstoppable rise of commercial drones; a market set to be worth billions over the coming years,” said AV Antao, Chief Operating Officer, Synergy Property Development Services.</div>
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There are numerous safety and legal implications that one should be aware of, as well as the differences between the commercial and personal use of drones. Despite increasing adoption and regulation, there is still tremendous growth in the use of drones in construction. Drones can add significant value to a project throughout its lifecycle.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The areas where drone technology will benefit the construction process:</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Improvised quality and thermal imaging</strong></div>
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The quality of the scans and aerial imagery provided by the cameras mounted on top of the drones are undeniably superior. Drones equipped with high-resolution thermal cameras serve as an excellent investigative tool for a host of building-specific applications and energy efficiency audits, including roof insulation inspection. They can also graphically depict energy inefficiencies and identify wet insulations in the roof or elsewhere by displaying temperature variations within the building.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Drones integration with BIM</strong></div>
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Drones have proved themselves to be an asset for data-driven approach and thus can effectively undertake numerous tasks to aid the BIM (Building Information Modeling) workflow. Giving an aerial perspective in the creation of the initial BIM, drones also provide scalable point cloud scanning and photography at different stages of construction.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Highly cost-effective in topographical surveys</strong></div>
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A drone carrying out standard survey and inspection activities is undoubtedly a significant cost-effective approach, as it removes the need for any kind of monetary or physical efforts put in for the surveys. As an example, for a typical topographic survey, the use of a drone can help to reduce costs by approximately 50%.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Ensuring completion of projects</strong></div>
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The use of drones completely eradicates the need of shutting down active work sites for the concerns of maintaining and inspecting work like pipeline or flare stacks, which can be carried out safely under UAV supervision. Drones also monitor site activity and provide a comprehensive overview of the site through land surveying. Therefore, it is highly efficient in reducing the timeframe for the process of construction leading to a speedy delivery of the projects.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Reducing risk and keeping people safe</strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4b4b4b; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 30px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Drones help in minimising the possibility of risk by being monitored to perform a task. The UAV technology thus helps in supporting the drive towards zero incidents onsite as it takes away some of the risks from the construction activities like the need for labourers to work at heights when inspecting assets like bridges. UAVs and drones are effective in conducting safer, faster and more accurate inspections instead of safety managers, who physically conduct the site walk-throughs to identify potential hazards.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Compact and intelligent results</strong></div>
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Acute 3D software can dramatically enhance productivity by turning a simple series of digital photos taken with a smart camera. When these cameras are mounted on drones they give a 360-degree overview of the project into a 3D reality mesh model. The result is a compact, intelligent representation of the asset in its current operating context. This also eases out the task for engineers and designers allowing them to work on an up-to-date 3D model for their enhancement and maintenance plans.</div>
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“Drones are tools that will play a fundamental role in ensuring that the construction industry can deliver huge and complex projects with better finishing and on-time results,” concludes Antao.</div>
<b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://deccanchronicle.com/technology/in-other-news/111218/drones-a-predominant-technological-innovation-in-indian-construction.html">View at the original source</a></span></b></div>
Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-90206300466561092242018-12-05T21:33:00.002-08:002018-12-29T00:02:57.720-08:00The product management talent dilemma 12-06<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="article-description" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 400 20.66px/34.51px "quot"; letter-spacing: -0.41px; margin-bottom: 45px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 17.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.35px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Product management is one of the most critical talent pools for any company that is writing software but often does not get the right level of attention. Having a world-class product management function requires a multipronged approach under a holistic talent-management program. We recommend that this be a joint priority of the chief HR officer and the head of product. </span><b></b><i></i><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><u></u><br />
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><u> </u>Despite product managers’ central roles in software organizations, they are often neglected from a talent-management perspective. Four levers can address this industry-wide challenge.
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Product management</strong> remains one of the most critical roles for any company for which software is a core growth driver. Amid the growing importance of data in decision making, an increased customer and design focus, and the evolution of software-development methodologies, the role of the product manager has evolved to influence every aspect of making a product successful. As a result, CEOs and technology leaders often identify the role of product manager as one of their top talent priorities. Paradoxically, results from the McKinsey Product Management Index reveal that companies are underinvesting in this crucial talent pool.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The McKinsey Product Management Index is a survey of product managers at leading software companies to understand the capabilities and enablers that create top-performing product managers (Exhibit 1). This research surfaced systemic gaps around software-talent management; in fact, fewer than half of the product managers feel prepared to play the roles expected of them or grow into future product leaders.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Exhibit 1</span></u></b></div>
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Product managers spend time across a range of critical areas and influence every part of the product</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The McKinsey Product Management Index highlights the wide range of activities that demand the attention of product managers. The days and weeks of an average product manager are fragmented, which requires they be good at wearing multiple hats and prioritizing ruthlessly (Exhibit 2).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Modern product managers are involved in a wide range of decisions. For example, nearly 80 percent of product managers actively participate in design activities, over 80 percent are involved in go-to-market decisions, and nearly half are involved in pricing decisions. Additionally, 60 percent of product managers have basic analytics skills that enable them to dive into metrics and draw insights without relying on analysts.</span></div>
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Talent management is a pervasive gap</span></u></h2>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Despite the central role that a product manager plays, the talent-management practices associated with this function are surprisingly underdeveloped. This gap is evident across the industry—at large software companies in Silicon Valley, early-stage tech companies, and incumbents in other industries that are becoming more software oriented.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">As an example, only 35 percent of the product managers have clarity on what it would take to advance in their organizations, roughly the same number feel sufficiently coached and mentored and around 20 percent say that their companies have highly effective programs to identify and retain the best talent.</span></div>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">We observe several underlying drivers for this gap in talent development. First, there are limited roles that involve managing people and teams in the product organization, and unlike in engineering, companies have not consistently defined <span style="display: inline; float: none; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 400 17.93px/29.94px "chronicle ssm","georgia","times","times new roman",serif; letter-spacing: -0.35px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">an expert track for product managers. This can prevent product managers from growing or feeling that their careers are progressing unless they are managing more people.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Additionally, the leadership development model for product management—that is, the behaviors and mind-sets that product managers are expected to display at various levels—is often poorly articulated. As a result, the only way to measure product managers is on the success of their product. Product managers tell us that they believe career progression at their companies is a matter of being in the right place at the right time to become part of a hit product rather than of doing the right things.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">What is more, product management primarily requires learning on the job, but few software companies have put in place mechanisms to support this learning. Product managers often start in other functions, such as engineering, design, or marketing, and bring a specific set of skills from their previous roles. But this transitioning talent needs support to wear the multiple hats required of product managers.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Compounding the issue is the fact that product managers make up a small talent pool at most companies and hence often end up lower on the agenda of HR leaders.</span></div>
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Several elements can help companies build a world-class product management talent program</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">There are four key levers to pull to build a world-class program for product management talent.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">First, articulate the product management leadership development model for the organization. This should include a concrete, actionable description of what the organization wants and expects from its product managers. It should reflect the organization’s strategy and priorities and is not the same as the conventional list of competencies used to assess employees. For example, competency models are often expressed as innate traits, qualities, or values that product managers should have, such as “is decisive,” whereas a leadership model is expressed as concrete descriptions of desired behaviors, such as “acts to reach timely closure on decisions.” The leadership model should also articulate what it looks like to make different transitions in the organization. For example, how do the behaviors and mind-sets differ for an established, principal product manager from one who is transitioning to a director of product.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Second, provide the product managers with organizational enablers for ongoing growth and apprenticeship. There are many ways to do this, including rotational programs, regular cadence of product reviews (with focus on coaching and knowledge sharing rather than inspection), walking in the shoes of other functions (taking support calls or doing customer demonstrations, for example), conducting skip-level one-on-one sessions, providing formal mentorship programs, giving regular growth-based feedback, and so on. </span></div>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "chronicle ssm" , "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.35px; line-height: 29.94px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Third, leverage a field-and-forum approach to design an end-to-end learning journey. There are several principles and approaches for learning programs that we have discovered through our work with technology companies. The first is that product managers, like most adults, </span>learn best by doing<span style="display: inline; float: none; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 400 17.93px/29.94px "chronicle ssm","georgia","times","times new roman",serif; letter-spacing: -0.35px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> rather than by watching videos or sitting in classrooms. Additionally, product managers learn most effectively through activities that are grounded in their day-to-day context rather than through generic product management trainings. For example, we have run a product management academy program in which product managers take on ambitious projects and are coached through them on a weekly basis (Exhibit 3). It is important to note that these learning programs must be tailored to the different transitions that are critical for the individual organization. Additionally, it is important to put hard metrics on the “soft stuff” by tracking key performance indicators for these programs that measure both participation and subsequent effectiveness.</span></span></span><b></b><i></i><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike></div>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><u> </u><span style="display: inline; float: none; font-family: "chronicle ssm" , "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17.93px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.35px; line-height: 29.94px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Third, leverage a field-and-forum approach to design an end-to-end learning journey. There are several principles and approaches for learning programs that we have discovered through our work with technology companies. The first is that product managers, like most adults, </span>learn best by doing</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 400 17.93px/29.94px "chronicle ssm","georgia","times","times new roman",serif; letter-spacing: -0.35px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> rather than by watching videos or sitting in classrooms. Additionally, product managers learn most effectively through activities that are grounded in their day-to-day context rather than through generic product management trainings. For example, we have run a product management academy program in which product managers take on ambitious projects and are coached through them on a weekly basis (Exhibit 3). It is important to note that these learning programs must be tailored to the different transitions that are critical for the individual organization. Additionally, it is important to put hard metrics on the “soft stuff” by tracking key performance indicators for these programs that measure both participation and subsequent effectiveness. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Last, hiring should be a strategic priority for senior leadership. At best-in-class software companies, senior product managers often report spending 3 to 5 percent of their time (equivalent to a half day to a full day per month) on recruiting. Doing recruiting well includes getting three elements right:</span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none; font-size: 17.93px; letter-spacing: -0.35px; line-height: 29.94px; margin-bottom: 17.93px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">leveraging diverse sourcing channels (using online communities like Hacker News, sponsoring meet-ups, identifying internal talent in other functions that are likely to produce product managers, and making “acqui-hires,” for example)</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none; color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 17.93px; letter-spacing: -0.35px; line-height: 29.94px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">a recruiting process that is efficient, removes unconscious biases</span><div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">, and tests real-life skills (through cases, actual presentations on product ideas, analyses using real product data, interactions across functions to test the ability to work with engineering and design, for example) </span></div>
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<b><u> <span style="background-color: yellow;">View at the original source</span></u></b></div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-11662631893532632112018-12-05T20:34:00.000-08:002019-01-10T01:43:22.884-08:00Effects of varying amounts of carbohydrate on metabolism after weight loss 12-05<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI31kuYAzPL0BwQ98zWCW4r1NnbiVwZeCREuk06sGYQ-IrGgCEhbifbA5BNfo7t-FZRjaaP37Zb7VT-W5A4bXgxhAaf98sJUeTHCMfv6aqQXO7kRItQFP2qJ5zCQP1dWx-3cRETCJkNUY/s1600/Meta+11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="942" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI31kuYAzPL0BwQ98zWCW4r1NnbiVwZeCREuk06sGYQ-IrGgCEhbifbA5BNfo7t-FZRjaaP37Zb7VT-W5A4bXgxhAaf98sJUeTHCMfv6aqQXO7kRItQFP2qJ5zCQP1dWx-3cRETCJkNUY/s640/Meta+11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: yellow;">Image credit :Shyam's Imagination Library </span></b><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Losing weight is hard work, but many people who have lost weight may agree that keeping the weight off </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">It can be an even greater challenge. A lack of self-control or a few too many dietary indulgences are often cited as reasons for regaining weight. But a new study in the November issue of <em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">BMJ</em> questions this conventional view, finding that the type of calories you consume may influence how likely you are to keep that weight off for the long term. [1]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The human body is designed to protect itself when it sheds weight, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, by causing an increased urge to eat and a slowdown in metabolism while more efficiently storing fat. Although it may be exciting to see pounds on the scale drop, the ability to keep losing weight or even maintain any weight loss becomes harder, because cravings to eat rise while the body more readily stores those calories as fat.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The purpose of the <em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">BMJ</em> study was to see if different levels of carbohydrate in the diet could prevent these metabolic changes from occurring, so that any weight lost might stay off. The focus on carbohydrates was based on the “carbohydrate-insulin model” of obesity, which states that high insulin levels that result from eating a high glycemic load diet (i.e., highly processed carbohydrates like refined breads, crackers, cookies, and sugars) causes energy from the food to be stored more easily as fat, and may increase hunger and food cravings, lower energy expenditure, and promote weight gain.</span></div>
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The study</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Participants were first placed on a weight-reducing diet to lose about 12% of their starting weight (weight loss averaged 25 pounds) to kickstart metabolic changes. The next phase randomly assigned the 164 p</span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">high (60%) carbohydrate and low (20%) fat diet</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">moderate (40%) carbohydrate and (40%) fat diet</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">low (20%) carbohydrate and high (60%) fat diet</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The protein amount was the same in all groups at 20%. Total calories were adjusted up or down to prevent any weight changes in each participant. All meals were provided to the participants during the weight loss phase and throughout the 20-week test phase. The types of foods in each diet group were designed to be as similar as possible, but varying in amounts: the high carbohydrate group ate more whole grains, fruits, legumes, and low fat dairy products. In contrast, the low carbohydrate group ate more fat but eliminated all grains and some fruits and legumes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Participants followed the diets for 20 weeks and total energy expenditure was measured. During the 20 weeks, the participants in all groups maintained their weight and there was minimal difference in secondary measures including physical activity and resting energy expenditure (factors that could independently increase total energy expenditure).</span></div>
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The findings</span></h3>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The low carbohydrate group showed an increased energy expenditure with a range of 209-278 calories/day compared with the high carbohydrate group. The moderate carbohydrate group showed a smaller increase in expenditure of about 100 calories compared with the high carbohydrate group. This trend was consistent throughout the 20-week period.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The increased metabolic effect with the low carbohydrate diet was most significant in people who had high insulin secretion at the start of the study, with an increased energy expenditure of a range of 308-478 calories/day. (People with high insulin secretion tend to be shaped more like “apples” than “pears,” as excess body fat is stored predominantly around the mid-section.) This finding supports recent research to suggest that differences in biology may affect how people respond to weight loss diets over the long term.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">A hormone that works to increase appetite, ghrelin, decreased significantly on the low carbohydrate diet, which could help with weight loss maintenance. Another appetite-regulating hormone, leptin, also decreased. Leptin regulates energy balance and works to keep body weight stable. It typically counteracts ghrelin by sending signals to the brain to suppress appetite when the body has enough food. Previously, high leptin levels were thought to lower one’s appetite and cause the body to begin using stored fat for energy. However, some forms of obesity/overweight may lead to “leptin resistance” when the body has high levels of leptin. In this scenario, the brain does not receive an alert that leptin levels are already high, so it continues to send strong hunger signals while conserving body fat stores. In other words, high leptin levels may promote leptin resistance. Its significance in the <em>BMJ </em>study was that the lower carbohydrate diet appeared to improve leptin sensitivity by reducing high levels of leptin.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">“This study raises the possibility that a focus on restricting carbohydrates, rather than calories, may work better for long-term weight control,” said Dr. David Ludwig, professor in the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, who led the study with Dr. Cara Ebbeling from Boston Children’s Hospital.</span><br />
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">Dr. Walter Willett, professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard Chan School, who was not involved in the study, also noted that “these findings from a carefully conducted investigation can help explain why low fat/high carbohydrate diets are not successful for most people and have failed to maintain weight loss in formal randomized trials that have lasted for one year or longer.”</span></span><br />
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Related</span></h3>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In a review featured in <em>Science</em> magazine the same week as the <em>BMJ</em> study, Dr. Ludwig discussed the controversy over specific fat-to-carbohydrate ratios in maintaining a healthy weight and lowering disease risk. [2] He, Dr. Willett, and other experts on the subject agreed that by focusing mainly on diet quality—replacing saturated or trans fats with unsaturated fats and replacing refined carbohydrates with whole grains and nonstarchy vegetables—most people can maintain good health within a broad range of fat-to-carbohydrate ratios. Read more at Dietary fat is good? Dietary fat is bad? Coming to consensus.</span><br />
<span style="color: white;"></span><span style="background-color: black;"></span><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/2018/11/27/effects-of-varying-amounts-of-carbohydrate-on-metabolism-after-weight-loss/?utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=Chan-Twitter-General&utm_source=Twitter">View at the original source</a></span></b></div>
Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-50146265437647109932018-11-21T20:38:00.001-08:002018-11-21T22:14:32.928-08:00Switzerland leads the 5th consecutive edition of the IMD World Talent Ranking 11-22 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: yellow;">Image credit : Shyam's Imagination Library.</span></b></div>
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The 2018 edition of one of the world’s foremost reports on the quality of international workforces h<br />
as been released, with Western Europe dominating the top-10<br />
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IMD's fifth edition of the World Talent Ranking 2018 assesses the extent to which countries develop, attract and retain talent to sustain the pool that enterprises employ to create long-term value<br />
Canada is the only non-European nation in top-10<br />
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<b>The full ranking is available here</b><br />
<b></b><br />
Lausanne, Switzerland 19 November 2018 - Switzerland in first and Denmark in second, firmly lead the IMD World Talent Ranking 2018 for the fifth year in a row, followed by Norway, Austria and the Netherlands. Norway joins the top three, advancing four places up from last year, thanks to an improvement in public expenditure on education and the readiness of its talent pool. Canada (6th), Finland (7th), Sweden (8th), Luxembourg (9th), and Germany (10th) complete the top 10.<br />
The Slovak Republic (59th), Colombia (60th), Mexico (61st), Mongolia (62nd), and Venezuela (63rd) are the last countries in the ranking.<br />
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“Since 2014, the Talent Ranking assesses how the 63 economies we study develop, attract and retain highly-skilled professionals. Cultivating a skilled and educated workforce is crucial to strengthening competitiveness and achieving long-term prosperity, particularly in the current dynamic landscape where artificial intelligence, robotics and other new technologies constantly redefine the challenges that governments, businesses and society in general will have to face in the future,” said Arturo Bris, Director of the IMD World Competitiveness Center. “This year the most successful countries in talent competitiveness are mainly European, mid-size economies. Moreover, these countries share high levels of investment in education and quality of life,” concludes Arturo Bris.<br />
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The IMD World Talent Ranking 2018, which has just been released from the Singapore edition of IMD’s signature program Orchestrating Winning Performance (OWP), evaluates the capability of 63 countries in developing, attracting and retaining talent. The assessment is based on three factors: Investment and Development, Appeal, and Readiness. These factors include indicators that capture the resources invested in developing local talent, the extent to which a country attracts and retains talent, and the quality of skills available in the talent pool.<br />
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Hard data and responses to the IMD Executive Opinion Survey are used to produce the ranking. The latter annual survey compiles input from over six thousand executives based in 63 different economies.<br />
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<b>Western Europe leads, Eastern Europe lags, North America gives strong performance</b><br />
<b></b><br />
This year, Switzerland once again confirms its role as an important global talent hub. It ranks 4th in Investment and Development, and 1st in both the Appeal and Readiness factors. In addition, several European countries fall within the 25 most competitive with respect to talent. Belgium (11th), Cyprus (15th), Portugal (17th), Ireland (21st), United Kingdom (23rd), and France (25th) complete this list.<br />
With the exception of Estonia (28th), Slovenia (30th), and Latvia (33rd), Eastern European countries generally place in the lower part of the ranking. For instance, Slovak Republic (59th), Bulgaria (57th), and Romania (56th) underperform in attracting highly skilled workers from abroad and they also face problems in retaining their locally-grown talent.<br />
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Canada (6th) is the only non-European country in the top ten, rising from 11th place, lifted by an improvement in the quality of its talent pool. The USA (12th) also moves up with respect to last year showing advancements in all three talent factors.<br />
<b><br />Singapore and Hong Kong SAR lead in Asia Pacific</b><br />
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In Asia, Singapore (13th), Hong Kong SAR (18th) and Malaysia (22nd) achieve the best placements in terms of talent competitiveness. While the two city-states continue to excel in tapping into the international talent pool, Malaysia instead focuses on investments in education to develop its homegrown skilled workforce. Taiwan (27th) prioritizes the attraction and retention of talent, Japan improves (29th) due to the availability of skilled labor and the effectiveness of its education system and South Korea advances (33rd) partly due to increased government expenditure on education and improvements in the implementation of apprenticeships programs and employee training. China (39th) places in the second half of the ranking, because of its difficulties in attracting foreign skilled workers paired with a level of public expenditure in education that remains below the average of other advanced economies. Kazakhstan (40th) and Thailand (42nd) also fall in the second half of the ranking, partly due to their performance in the readiness of domestic talent.<br />
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In the Pacific area, Australia (14th) and New Zealand (20th) confirm their role as talent-appealing hubs. Both countries show high levels of readiness in their talent pool and offer attractive quality of life for international professionals.<br />
<b><br />Latin America struggles.</b><br />
<b></b><br />
At the bottom of the ranking are several Latin American countries. These economies are struggling to develop and retain talent. Venezuela (63rd), Mexico (61st), Colombia (60th) and Brazil (58th) all share issues related to brain drain, matched by a relatively low level of investment in education.<br />
In annex: detailed region and country-specific information.<br />
<b><br />Switzerland</b><br />
<b></b><br />
Switzerland tops the talent ranking for the fifth consecutive year confirming its role as an important global talent hub. It ranks 4th in Investment and Development, and 1st in both the Appeal and Readiness factors.<br />
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The country ranks 1st in apprenticeships, health infrastructure, highly-skilled foreign personnel, remuneration in the services professions, remuneration of management, the education system, university education and management education. Other strengths include international experience (2nd), retaining human capital (2nd), and quality of life (3rd). The latter, however, shows a slight decline this year.<br />
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Switzerland’s lowest rankings at the indicator level are in cost-of-living (59th), labor force growth (38th), pupil-teacher ratio in primary education (30th) and female labor force (26th). There has been an increase in negative perceptions of the prioritization that the private sector gives to attracting and retaining talent which drops to 12th (from 4th).<br />
<b><br />Nordic countries</b><br />
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Denmark ranks 2nd in the overall ranking. Norway takes 3rd place, Finland and Sweden come in at 7th and 8th respectively. Iceland, the only Nordic country ranked outside the top 10, is 16th. <br />
For the third consecutive year, Denmark ranks 1st in the Investment and Development Factor. The country improves three places in the Appeal factor in which it ranks 7th. However, it drops 4 places in the Readiness factor to 8th. Norway improves its performance in all factors, ranking 3rd, 12th and 10th in Investment and Development, Appeal and Readiness, respectively. Finland rises in the Appeal factor (21st) and decreases two positions in both the Investment and Development (7th), and Readiness (7th) factors. Conversely, Sweden remains 9th in Investment and Development, and improves to 9th in Appeal and 15th in Readiness (from 12th and 19th, respectively).<br />
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At the factor level, Nordic countries all have their best performance in Investment and Development. Here they are all highly ranked in total public expenditure. Norway, Finland and Denmark rank 2nd, 6th and 7th (respectively) in health infrastructure. In the employee training indicator, Denmark is 1st and Norway reaches 5th place.<br />
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In the Appeal factor, most Nordic countries are perceived to have high quality of life and be successful in attracting and retaining talent. Nevertheless, high cost of living and high personal income tax rates may constrain the Nordics from further strengthening their talent pools.<br />
In Readiness, the region ranks high in the availability of finance and language skills. Denmark, Norway and Finland perform well in the effectiveness of their education systems in general, and specifically in management education as well as science in schools. Notably, the indicator capturing the availability of senior managers with international experience is one of the weakest points in the performance of Norway (34th) and Iceland (51st).<br />
<b><br />Spain</b><br />
<b></b><br />
Spain is positioned (31st) in the top half of the annual IMD World Talent Ranking.<br />
Among Western-European countries, it ranks ahead of only Italy (32nd) and Greece (44th). However, Spain performs better than almost all Eastern European countries with the exception of Estonia (28th) and Slovenia (30th).<br />
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In the Investment and Development factor, Spain drops from 30th to 36th. While in the Appeal factor Spain remains in the 25th spot. In the Readiness factor it improves slightly from 41st to 40th. <br />
The Investment and Development factor includes one of Spain’s key strengths; in the health infrastructure indicator, it ranks 9th. However, this factor also shows some of its main weaknesses. The country ranks 58th in employee training and 55th in the implementation of apprenticeships. This may explain Spain’s relatively poor performance in Investment and Development.<br />
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Key strengths lie in Spain’s Appeal factor. In both, the remuneration of management and the quality of life indicators, Spain ranks 19th. Although this factor highlights the need to prioritize attracting and retaining talent (58th position).<br />
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Within the Readiness factor, Spain’s performance in indicators assessing the effectiveness of university and management education and the availability of competent senior managers, shows steady improvement since 2016. Yet, there are some weaknesses in this factor. For example, in labor force growth, Spain ranks 53rd and in language skills, it comes in at 52nd.<br />
<b><br />Eastern-Europe</b><br />
<b></b><br />
With the exception of Estonia (28th) and Slovenia (30th), Eastern European countries generally place in the lower part of the ranking.<br />
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Estonia improves slightly this year. It ranks 16th in Investment and Development, 33rd in Appeal, and 31st in Readiness. It progresses five ranks in the Appeal factor mainly due to improvements in worker motivation, the impact of brain drain, and the country’s attractiveness for highly-skilled foreign personnel. In the Readiness factor, Estonia also moves up four ranks as a result of an upturn in positive perceptions of the availability of finance skills, executives with international experience, competent senior managers, language skills, and the effectiveness of the education system.<br />
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Slovenia moves from 37th to 30th place. It ranks 27th in Investment and Development, 42nd in Appeal and 29th in Readiness. The country’s ranking improvements arise from more positive executive opinions about the private sector’s prioritization of attracting and retaining talent, quality of life, and availability of senior managers with international experience and language skills. There are some worrying signs for the future development of the country’s talent pool. It ranks 59th in the implementation of apprenticeships and 56th in the country’s attractiveness for highly-skilled overseas staff.<br />
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Elsewhere in the region, other countries improve to different degrees: the Czech Republic ranks 37th, Ukraine 48th, Hungary 49th and Croatia 54th. Ukraine’s strong performance in moving out of the bottom five originates mainly in gains in the implementation of apprenticeships, emphasis on employee training and the effectiveness of its health infrastructure. In addition, Ukraine improves in the prioritization of attracting and retaining talent, availability of a skilled labor force, financial skills and competent senior managers.<br />
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Conversely, Lithuania (33rd to 36th), Poland (34th to 38th), and Russia (43rd to 46th) all decline.<br />
At the lower end of the ranking, Romania (56th), Bulgaria (57th), and the Slovak Republic (59th) all decline in the Investment and Development factor. In the Appeal factor, the Slovak Republic and Bulgaria drop, and Romania rises. While Bulgaria and Romania slightly improve in the Readiness factor, the Slovak Republic drops several ranks because of a deterioration across all components of the factor.<br />
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<b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://www.imd.org/news/updates/imd-world-talent-ranking-2018/">View at the original source</a></span></b></div>
Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5302143685409160429.post-71103042052005938932018-11-19T05:50:00.001-08:002018-11-19T05:50:21.985-08:00How to Teach Engineering to a 5-Year-Old 08-27<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Here’s a neat (and short) lesson from Washington state’s latest Teacher of the Year, Camille Jones. Camille teaches science and engineering to students as young as 5 years old. When she visited my office earlier this year, I asked her how she talks to such young kids about engineering. Take a look at what she showed me:<br />
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One thing I love about this is that it takes ideas that can seem very abstract, like pressure and tension, and makes them concrete. Camille told me the lesson was designed by the Museum of Science in Boston—a great example of how putting great lessons and other tools in the hands of talented teachers can lead to magical moments in the classroom. Technology is making it easier for teachers to find these tools, which is one of the things that makes me hopeful about the future of education.<br />
You can read more about my visit with Camille <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/null"></a><a href="https://www.gatesnotes.com/Education/Showing-Students-Different-Futures" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
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Education, at its most engaging, is performance art. From the moment a teacher steps into the classroom, students look to him or her to set the tone and course of study for everyone, from the most enthusiastic to the most apathetic students. Even teachers who have moved away from the traditional lecture format, toward more learner autonomy-supportive approaches such as project-based and peer-to-peer learning, still need to engage students in the process, and serve as a vital conduit between learner and subject matter.<br />
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Camille Jones is the kind of teacher I wish I would have had when I was in school, someone who could peak a kids interest in science and engineering instead of a nun who just whacked you across the knuckles with a ruler if you were holding your pencil too tight or the wrong way! <b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: yellow;"><a href="https://www.gatesnotes.com/Education/Teaching-Engineering-to-a-5-Year-Old?WT.mc_id=08_26_2017_10_BTS2017Engineering_BG-TW_&WT.tsrc=BGTW&linkId=41445280" target="_blank">View at the original site</a></span></b> </div>
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Shyamsunder Panchavatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17592561647196800017noreply@blogger.com1